Spectral shift function in the large coupling constant limit

Scattering theory of linear operators (47A40) Perturbation theory of linear operators (47A55) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10)

Review text

Let \(H_0\) be a selfadjoint operator and \(H(\alpha) = H_0 + \alpha V\) its perturbed selfadjoint operator in a Hilbert space, where \(\alpha\) is a positive coupling constant. If the operator \(V\) is of trace class, Krein and Lifshits introduced the spectral shift function \(\xi(\lambda, \alpha) = \xi(\lambda; H(\alpha), H_0)\), which is integrable and satisfies NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \text{Tr} [\varphi(H(\alpha)) - \varphi(H_0)] = \int_{\mathbf R} \xi(\lambda, \alpha) \varphi'(\lambda) d\lambda NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for \(\varphi\) in a suitable class of functions. Hence we have formally NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\xi(\lambda, \alpha) = \text{Tr} (E_{H_0}(-\infty, \lambda) - E_{H(\alpha)}(-\infty, \lambda)). NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Here and below \(E_M(\delta)\) denotes the spectral projection of a selfadjoint operator \(M\) corresponding to an interval \(\delta\) in \({\mathbf R}\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper under review, in case \(V\) is not necessarily of trace class, the author deals with the following representation: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \xi(\lambda; H(\alpha), H_0) = \int_{\mathbf R} \text{ind} (E_{J+\alpha(A_{\lambda}+ tB_{\lambda})}(-\infty, 0), E_J(-\infty, 0)) \frac{dt}{\pi(1+t^2)}, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE a.e. \(\lambda \in {\mathbf R}\), as a new definition of \(\xi(\lambda; H(\alpha), H_0)\), calling it the generalized spectral shift function. Here \( \text{ind}(P, Q)\) is the Fredholm index of the operator \(P-Q-I\) for projections \(P\) and \(Q\): \(\text{ind}(P, Q) = \text{dim} \text{Ker} (P-Q-I) - \text{dim} \text{Ker} (P-Q+I)\), and \(V = V_+ - V_-\) with \(2V_{\pm} := |V|\pm V \geq 0\) and \(J\) the sign of \(V\). The following conditions are assumed: NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE(1) \(|V|^{1/2}|H_0+iI|^{-1/2}\) is a compact operator; NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE(2) The limit \(X_{\lambda} := \lim_{z\rightarrow \lambda + i0}|V|^{1/2}(H_0-zI)^{-1}|V|^{1/2}\) exists in operator norm for a.e. \(\lambda \in {\mathbf R}\); NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE(3) Putting \(A_{\lambda} = \text{Re} X_{\lambda}\) and \(B_{\lambda} = \text{Im} X_{\lambda}\), \(B_{\lambda}\) satisfies \(\int_0^{\infty} \text{rank} E_{B_{\lambda}^*B_{\lambda}}(s^2, +\infty) ds < \infty\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThis representation was found, in case \(V\) is of trace class and sign-definite, i.e. \(V \geq 0\) or \(V \leq 0\), by \textit{A. B. Pushnitskij} [St. Petersbg. Math. J. 9, No. 6, 1181-1194 (1997); translation from Algebra Anal. 9, No. 6, 197-213 (1997; Zbl 0916.47011)]. Then this is extended to the cases \(V\) is not necessarily sign-definite and not necessarily of trace class in \textit{F. Gesztesy} and \textit{K. A. Makarov} [J. Anal. Math. 81, 139-183 (2000; Zbl 0964.47013)] and \textit{A. Pushnitski} [J. Funct. Anal. 183, No. 2, 269-320 (2001; Zbl 0998.47003)], and there it is also observed that this \(\xi(\lambda; H(\alpha),H_0)\) coincides with the spectral shift function under pretty wide conditions on \(H_0\) and \(V\). However, as the author writes, it seems to be still unclear whether the above definition leads to a new class of perturbations. The main result is to have given an asymptotic behaviour of the leading term of this \(\xi(\lambda; H(\alpha), H_0)\) as \(\alpha \rightarrow \infty\). It does not depend on \(\lambda\), as is especially noted. For this purpose, two additional conditions are required for a point \(\mu\) in the resolvent set of \(H_0\): NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE(4) For some \(p>0\), \(\xi(\mu; H_f(\alpha), H_0)\) with an auxiliary operator \(H_f(\alpha) := H_0+ \alpha f(J)|V|\) in place of \(H(\alpha)\), where \(f\) is a real-valued function on \({\mathbf R}\) with \(\pm f(\pm 1) >0\), has asymptotics \((C_+|f(1)|^p - C_-|f(-1)|^p)\alpha^p\) as \(\alpha \rightarrow \infty\), where the constants \(C_{\pm}\) are independent of \(f\) but may depend on \(V_{\pm}\); NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE(5) The operator \(\alpha(A_{\lambda}+tB_{\lambda}-X_{\mu})\), a sort of variation when passing from \(\lambda\) to \(\mu\), is small in a certain sense. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIt is mentioned that condition (4) is satisfied in most of applications. The results are applied to the Dirac operator.

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