Spherical functions and immanants

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Let \(\lambda\) denote an irreducible character of the symmetric group \(S_n\) corresponding to the partition \((r,s)\) of \(n,\) and let \(A\) denote a positive semidefinite Hermitian \(n\)- square matrix. Let \(d_{\lambda}(A)\) and \(\text{per}(A)\) be the immanants corresponding to \(\lambda\) and to the trivial character of \(S_n\) (permanent), respectively. The author introduces the notion of a spherical function of a finite group (usually a subgroup of \(S_n\)), derives a number of its properties, and applies them in giving a new and elegant approach to the following inequality: \(d_{\lambda}(A) \leq \lambda(\text{id}) \text{per}(A)\) [cf. \textit{G. D. James} and \textit{M. W. Liebeck}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 55, 243-265 (1987; Zbl 0657.15006)] and \textit{T. H. Pate}, Linear Multilinear Algebra 24, No. 2, 135-149 (1989; Zbl 0738.15005)].











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