Stable defects of minimizers of constrained variational principles
compactness theoremsconstrained variational problemsenergy density boundharmonic mapsinterior energy boundliquid crystalssingular set
Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Variational methods for elliptic systems (35J50) Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation (49J45) Variational problems in a geometric measure-theoretic setting (49Q20) Harmonic maps, etc. (58E20) Statistical mechanics of random media, disordered materials (including liquid crystals and spin glasses) (82D30)
The authors investigate minimizers of certain constrained variational problems the prototype of which arises in the study of liquid crystals. A special case is that of mappings \(u\in H^ 1(\Omega;S^ 2)\), \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}}^3\) a bounded domain, minimizing Dirichlet's integral \(\int_{\Omega}| Du|^2\,dx\). The stationary points in this case are harmonic maps from \(\Omega\) into \(S^2.\) This paper may be regarded as a continuation of the authors' previous work [Commun. Math. Phys. 105, 547--570 (1986; Zbl 0611.35077)]. There they showed regularity of \(u\) near points a where the normalized energy \(E_{r,a}(u)=(1/r)\int_{\Omega}| Du|^2\,dx\) is sufficiently small. Here, they first derive an ``energy density bound for minimizers \(u\), i.e., \[ \lim_{r\downarrow 0} \sup E_{r,a}(u)\leq M, \] \(M\) independent of \(u\) and \(a\). Furthermore, an ``interior energy bound is proved. In addition, they show higher integrability of \(Du\) which implies that the singular set has dimension less than one. As a consequence certain compactness theorems for minimizers turn out to be true similar to those holding for uniformly bounded families of harmonic functions on the disk. A main ingredient in the proofs are several extension lemmas.
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