Convergence of the self‐dual U(1)‐Yang–Mills–Higgs energies to the (n−2)(n-2)‐area functional

DOI10.1002/CPA.22150MaRDI QIDQ6180718zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Davide Parise, Alessandro Pigati, Daniel Stern

Publication date 2 January 2024

Published in Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.14615

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Automata and formal grammars in connection with logical questions (03D05) Critical points of functionals in context of PDEs (e.g., energy functionals) (35B38) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics of particles and systems (70S15) General and philosophical questions in quantum theory (81P05) Quasilinear elliptic equations with mean curvature operator (35J93) Abstract manifolds and fiber bundles (category-theoretic aspects) (18F15)

Abstract: Given a hermitian line bundle $LoM$ on a closed Riemannian manifold $(M^n,g)$, the self-dual Yang-Mills-Higgs energies are a natural family of functionals �egin{align*} &E_epsilon(u,

abla):=int_MBig(| abla u|^2+epsilon^2|F_

abla|^2+frac{(1-|u|^2)^2}{4epsilon^2}Big) end{align*} defined for couples $(u,abla)$ consisting of a section $uinGamma(L)$ and a hermitian connection $abla$ with curvature $F_{a}bla$. While the critical points of these functionals have been well-studied in dimension two by the gauge theory community, it was shown in previous work of the second- and third-named authors that critical points in higher dimension converge as $epsilono0$ (in an appropriate sense) to minimal submanifolds of codimension two, with strong parallels to the correspondence between the Allen-Cahn equations and minimal hypersurfaces. In this paper, we complement this idea by showing the $Gamma$-convergence of $E_{e}psilon$ to ($2pi$ times) the codimension two area: more precisely, given a family of couples $(u_{e}psilon,abl{a}_{e}psilon)$ with $su{p}_{e}psilon{E}_{e}psilon(u_{e}psilon,abl{a}_{e}psilon)<infty$, we prove that a suitable gauge invariant Jacobian $J(u_{e}psilon,abl{a}_{e}psilon)$ converges to an integral $(n-2)$-cycle $Gamma$, in the homology class dual to the Euler class $c_1(L)$, with mass $2pimathbbM(Gamma)lelimin{f}_{epsilonightarrow0}{E}_{e}psilon(u_{e}psilon,abl{a}_{e}psilon)$. We also obtain a recovery sequence for any integral cycle in this homology class. Finally, we apply these techniques to compare min-max values for the $(n-2)$-area from the Almgren-Pitts theory with those obtained from the Yang-Mills-Higgs framework, showing that the former values always provide a lower bound for the latter. As an ingredient, we also establish a Huisken-type monotonicity result along the gradient flow of $E_{epsilon}$.

Recommendations

• Minimal submanifolds from the abelian Higgs model
• The parabolic \(U(1)\)-Higgs equations and codimension-two mean curvature flows
• The Yang-Mills-Higgs functional on complex line bundles: \(\Gamma\)-convergence and the London equation
• The Yang-Mills-Higgs functional on complex line bundles: asymptotics for critical points
• Asymptotic limits of a self-dual Ginzburg-Landau functional in bounded domains

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Cited in

(5)

• Non-degenerate minimal submanifolds as energy concentration sets: a variational approach
• On the bifurcation theory of the Ginzburg–Landau equations
• The Yang-Mills-Higgs functional on complex line bundles: \(\Gamma\)-convergence and the London equation
• Quantitative stability of Yang-Mills-Higgs instantons in two dimensions
• The parabolic \(U(1)\)-Higgs equations and codimension-two mean curvature flows

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