Stable group theory and approximate subgroups
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Classification theory, stability, and related concepts in model theory (03C45) Model-theoretic algebra (03C60) Other combinatorial number theory (11B75) Inverse problems of additive number theory, including sumsets (11P70) Applications of logic to group theory (20A15) Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth (20E07) Special aspects of infinite or finite groups (20F99)
Abstract: We note a parallel between some ideas of stable model theory and certain topics in finite combinatorics related to the sum-product phenomenon. For a simple linear group G, we show that a finite subset X with |X X ^{-1} X |/ |X| bounded is close to a finite subgroup, or else to a subset of a proper algebraic subgroup of G. We also find a connection with Lie groups, and use it to obtain some consequences suggestive of topological nilpotence. Combining these methods with Gromov's proof, we show that a finitely generated group with an approximate subgroup containing any given finite set must be nilpotent-by-finite. Model-theoretically we prove the independence theorem and the stabilizer theorem in a general first-order setting.
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