State and storage

This paper presents the author's recent insights regarding the definition of a dissipative system. The definition that is proposed does not involve the state, not even in the notion of a storage function. However, the state enters nevertheless, indirectly, in that the storage function is necessarily a function of a state. The author deals with controllable linear time-invariant systems and quadratic supply rates. The notion of a dissipative system -- coming from the analysis of physical systems -- plays an important role in systems theory and control. Dissipative dynamical systems can be understood as models for physical phenomena which exchange energy (or entropy) with their environment, like for example electric circuits. The paper starts by reviewing basic facts from the behavioral approach to linear dynamical systems. In this approach, one views a dynamical system as a family of trajectories, rather than the usual input/output mechanism. This viewpoint is more suitable for the study of problems such as flow of energy and dissipation in physical systems. Next, observability and controllability are explained in the behavioral setting. Notions of supply rate, storage, and dissipation for linear time-invariant systems and quadratic supply rates are introduced and discussed, and the state model is presented. The result proved in the paper states that a quadratic storage function for a dissipative system can always be represented as a memoryless quadratic function of any state variable, and that the quadratic dissipation rate can always be represented as a moryless quadratic function of any state variable jointly with the manifest variable of a given system. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0937.93004].

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