Statistical geometry in quantum mechanics

DOI10.1098/RSPA.1998.0266MaRDI QIDQ4224000zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Dorje C. Brody, Lane P. Hughston

Publication date 18 October 2000

Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9701051

zbMATH Keywords

Hilbert space geometryparametric estimationquantum statistical inferenceuncertainty relations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of functional analysis in probability theory and statistics (46N30) Foundations and philosophical topics in statistics (62A01) Point estimation (62F10) Foundations, quantum information and its processing, quantum axioms, and philosophy (81P99)

Abstract: A statistical model M is a family of probability distributions, characterised by a set of continuous parameters known as the parameter space. This possesses natural geometrical properties induced by the embedding of the family of probability distributions into the Hilbert space H. By consideration of the square-root density function we can regard M as a submanifold of the unit sphere in H. Therefore, H embodies the `state space' of the probability distributions, and the geometry of M can be described in terms of the embedding of in H. The geometry in question is characterised by a natural Riemannian metric (the Fisher-Rao metric), thus allowing us to formulate the principles of classical statistical inference in a natural geometric setting. In particular, we focus attention on the variance lower bounds for statistical estimation, and establish generalisations of the classical Cramer-Rao and Bhattacharyya inequalities. The statistical model M is then specialised to the case of a submanifold of the state space of a quantum mechanical system. This is pursued by introducing a compatible complex structure on the underlying real Hilbert space, which allows the operations of ordinary quantum mechanics to be reinterpreted in the language of real Hilbert space geometry. The application of generalised variance bounds in the case of quantum statistical estimation leads to a set of higher order corrections to the Heisenberg uncertainty relations for canonically conjugate observables.

Review text

By considering square-root density functions, a statistical model given by a parametric family of probability distributions is regarded as a submanifold of the unit sphere of a real Hilbert space. The geometry in question is characterized by a natural Riemannian metric (the Fisher-Rao metric), allowing a geometric reformulation of principles of classical statistical inference. In particular, the authors focus attention on variance lower bounds for statistical estimation, and describe the classical Cramér-Rao and Bhattacharyya inequalities in terms of the geometry of the underlying Hilbert space. These results are then generalized to a quantum statistical setting, leading to higher-order corrections to the Heisenberg uncertainty relations for canonically conjugate observables.

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