Stochastic homogenization for reaction-diffusion equations

DOI10.1007/S00205-018-01334-9MaRDI QIDQ1732573zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 25 March 2019

Published in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.09674

deterministic Hamilton-Jacobi equation front speeds long-time behavior stationary ergodic reactions Wulff shape

Homogenization in context of PDEs; PDEs in media with periodic structure (35B27) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Hamilton-Jacobi equations (35F21) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) PDEs with randomness, stochastic partial differential equations (35R60)

Abstract: In the present paper we study stochastic homogenization for reaction-diffusion equations with stationary ergodic reactions. We first show that under suitable hypotheses, initially localized solutions to the PDE asymptotically become approximate characteristic functions of a ballistically expanding Wulff shape. The next crucial component is the proper definition of relevant front speeds and subsequent establishment of their existence. We achieve the latter by finding a new relation between the front speeds and the Wulff shape, provided the Wulff shape does not have corners. Once front speeds are proved to exist in all directions, by the above means or otherwise, we are able to obtain general stochastic homogenization results, showing that large space-time evolution of solutions to the PDE is governed by a simple deterministic Hamilton-Jacobi equation whose Hamiltonian is given by these front speeds. We primarily consider the case of non-negative reactions but we also extend our results to the more general PDE

u_{t} = F (D^{2} u, a b l a u, u, x, o m e g a)

as long as its solutions satisfy some basic hypotheses including positive lower and upper bounds on spreading speeds in all directions and a sub-ballistic bound on the width of the transition zone between the two equilibria of the PDE.

Review text

This paper deals with the long-time behavior of solutions to heterogeneous reaction-diffusion equations in random media. The authors consider equations of the form (i) $u_{t}=\Delta u+f(x,u,\omega)$ on $(0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^{d}$, with initial condition $u(0,\cdot)$ or $u(0,\cdot,\omega)$, where $\omega$ is an element of some probability space $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P)$, which models the random environment via nonlinear random reaction function $f(\cdot,\cdot,\omega)$. Also it is considered the more general partial differential equations of the form (ii) $u_{t}=F(D^2 u,\nabla u,u,x,\omega)$ on $(0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^{d}$. This includes, for instance, some viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations with possibly non-convex or non-coercitive Hamiltonians, or the porous medium equation. For the first type of equations the authors show that under suitable hypotheses, initially localized solutions to considered equation asymptotically become approximate characteristic functions of a ballistically expanding Wulff shape. The proper definition of relevant front speeds is given. The new relation between the front speeds and the Wulff shape is found, provided the Wulff shape does not have corners. The authors prove that front speeds exists in all directions, and obtain general stochastic homogenization results, showing that large space-time evolution of solutions to the considered equation is governed by a simple deterministic Hamilton-Jacobi equation whose Hamiltonian is given by these front speeds. These results are extended to the more general equations of the form (ii).

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