Stronger maximal monotonicity properties of linear operators
This article deals with some discussion of relations between four classes of (single-valued and multivalued) maximal monotone operators between a real Banach space \(E\) and its dual \(E^*\). A monotone operator \(S: E\to 2^{E^*}\) is called strongly maximal monotone if the following properties hold: (i) if \(K\) is a nonempty weakly compact convex subset of \(E\), \(x^*\in E^*\) and for all \((s,s^*)\in G(S)\) (\(G(S)\) is the graph of \(S\)), there exists \(x\in K\) such that \(\langle x-s,x^*- s^*\rangle\geq 0\) then there exists \(x\in K\) such that \((x,x^*)\in G(S)\) and, further, (ii) if \(L\) is a nonempty \(\text{weak}^*\) compact convex subset of \(E^*\), \(x\in E\) and for all \((s,s^*)\in G(S)\), there exists \(x^*\in L\) such that \(\langle x-s, x^*- s^*\rangle\geq 0\) then there exists \(x^*\in L\) such that \((x,x^*)\in G(S)\). A monotone operator \(S: E\to 2^{E^*}\) is of type (NA) (negative alignment) if, for all \((x,x^*)\in E\times E^*\setminus G(S)\), there exists \((w,w^*)\in G(S)\) satisfying \(w\neq x\), \(w^*\neq x^*\), \(\langle w- x, w^*- x^*\rangle= -\|w-x\|\|w^*- x^*\|\). A monotone operator \(S: E\to 2^{E^*}\) is of type (ANA) (almost negative alignment) if, whenever \((x,x^*)\in E\times E^*\setminus G(S)\) then, for all \(n\geq 1\) there exists \((w_n, w^*_n)\in G(S)\) such that \(w_n\neq x\), \(w^*_n\neq x^*\), and \[ {\langle w_n- x,w^*_n- x^*\rangle\over\|w_n- x\|\|w^*_n- x^*\|}\to -1\quad\text{as }n\to \infty. \] Finally, a monotone operator \(S: E\to 2^{E^*}\) is called ultramaximal if \((v^*,v^{**})\in E\times E^*\) and \(s\in E\) implies \(\langle Ts- v^*,\widetilde s- v^{**}\rangle\geq 0\) with some \(\widetilde s\) then there exists \(w\in E\) such that \((v^*,v^{**})= (Tw,\widetilde w)\). In general, operators from a subspace of \(E\) are considered. The authors discuss some motivation of these definitions, describe different relations between the corresponding classes of operators, present some illustrative examples, and formulate some unsolved problems.
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