Structural Monoids Associated to Equational Varieties

Let \(\mathcal V\) be a variety defined by a set \((E)\) of homotypical (or regular; the author uses the term ``balanced) identities, \(\Sigma\) be a set. The author associates with \(\mathcal V\) a monoid of partial 1-1 transformations of the absolutely free algebra \(M(\Sigma)\) (of the type of \(\mathcal V\)) over \(\Sigma\) such that the free \(\mathcal V\)-algebra over \(\Sigma\) is the corresponding homogeneous space. Namely, he assigns to every identity \((\sigma=\tau)\) a family of transformations \(\text{tr}_ u\rho_ \Sigma^{\sigma,\tau}\). Each \(\text{tr}_ u\rho_ \Sigma^{\sigma,\tau}\) is defined on the set of all terms from \(M(\Sigma)\) having in a certain position \(u\) a subterm \(\sigma^ \varphi\) being a value of \(\sigma\) under a substitution \(\varphi: \Sigma\rightarrow M(\Sigma)\) and maps them on the set of all terms of the same structure but having a subterm \(\tau^ \varphi\) in the position \(u\). The monoid \({\pmb\vartheta}^{\mathcal V}\) is the monoid generated by all transformations \(\text{tr}_ u\rho_ \Sigma^{\sigma,\tau}\) with \((\sigma=\tau)\) or \((\tau=\sigma)\in (E)\) and \(u\) running over all possible positions of a subterm in a term. (An explicit construction is given for the groupoid case only; positions of subterms are marked in this case by finite sequences of 0's and 1's corresponding to the binary tree structure of groupoid terms.) This monoid is proved to depend neither on the set \(\Sigma\) nor on the set \((E)\) (the latter independence requires some natural assumptions about \((E)\); the author believes that it and its maximal group image \({\mathbf G}^{\mathcal V}\) are useful invariants of the variety \(\mathcal V\). He calculates the group \({\mathbf G}^{\mathcal V}\) for \({\mathcal V}\) being the variety of all commutative groupoids or the variety of all semigroups. Reviewer's remarks: 1. The author claims on p. 296 that, for any variety \(\mathcal V\), the so-called minimal set of defining identities exists, but the argument he uses works for finitely based varieties only. 2. The monoid \({\pmb\vartheta}^{\mathcal V}\) is easily seen to be inverse and hence some standard facts of the inverse semigroup theory could be applied. E.g., the construction of the minimal group congruence on \({\pmb\vartheta}^{\mathcal V}\) (Proposition 2.1 (i) of the paper) follows from a general result due to \textit{W. D. Munn} [Proc. Glasg. Math. Assoc. 5, 41-48 (1961; Zbl 0113.02403)].

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