Structure of conjugacy classes in Coxeter groups
Let \((W,S)\) be a Coxeter system. \textit{J. Tits} [in: Teoria dei gruppi. Teoria dei continui polari. Convegni del Dicembre del 1967 e dell'Aprile del 1968. Roma: Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica; London-New York: Academic-Press. 175--185 (1969; Zbl 0206.03002)] and \textit{H. Matsumoto} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 258, 3419--3422 (1964; Zbl 0128.25202)] independently proved that any two words on the alphabet \(S\) representing the same group element only differ by a sequence of simple elementary operations, namely braid relations and \(ss\) cancellations. This gives an elegant solution of the word problem in Coxeter groups.\N\N\textit{D. Krammer} [Groups Geom. Dyn. 3, No. 1, 71--171 (2009; Zbl 1176.20032)] proved that the conjugacy problem is also solvable in Coxeter groups. This leads to the following open problem: Is there a way to describe the set of words representing conjugates of a given element \(w \in W\) in terms of simple elementary operations, in the same way the set of words representing \(w\) can be described in terms of braid relations and \(ss\)-cancellations? (see \textit{A. M. Cohen} [NATO ASI Ser., Ser. C, Math. Phys. Sci. 440, 1--19 (1994; Zbl 0830.20060)] (2.17)).\N\NThe author here suggests identifying additional elementary operations. In particular, since the difference between a word and the group element it represents is fully understood by Matsumoto-Tits' theorem, it will be easier to define these operations directly at the level of the group elements, rather than the words.\N\NHere, the author claims that the most natural elementary operation one might consider for the conjugacy problem is that of a cyclic shift. In particular, the aim of the paper is, according to the author, ``giving a definitive solution to the problem of describing conjugacy classes in arbitrary Coxeter groups in terms of cyclic shifts. The author provides a detailed and neat classification of such classes. Moreover, some very interesting other results are proved along the way, including a description of the centralizer of an element of infinite order (see Theorem C (6,7)).
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