Sub-Riemannian geometry and subelliptic PDEs

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The author proposes a structure for inverse kernels -- fundamental solutions, heat kernels, etc. -- of second order partial differential operators given as sums of squares of vector fields. The formulas are built from invariants of the underlying geometry induced by the given vector fields. The author assumes that brackets of these vector fields yield the tangent space, thus Chow's theorem gives a distance function and a sub-Riemannian geometry. The main object of interest is a complex distance, parametrized by the characteristic variety, whose critical points along the characteristic variety yield geodesics. The author illustrates these ideas by examples. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1005.00051].











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