scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1047631
Carnot-Carathéodory metricgeodesicsHausdorff dimensionhypoelliptic operatorsisoperimetric inequalitysub-Riemannian manifolds
Second-order parabolic equations (35K10) Optimality conditions for problems involving ordinary differential equations (49K15) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to differential geometry (53-02) Special connections and metrics on vector bundles (Hermite-Einstein, Yang-Mills) (53C07) General geometric structures on manifolds (almost complex, almost product structures, etc.) (53C15) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Vector distributions (subbundles of the tangent bundles) (58A30) Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) (58E10) Numerical computation of solutions to systems of equations (65H10)
Sub-Riemannian geometry deals with differentiable manifolds \(M\) equipped with a subbundle \(D\) of the tangent bundle \(TM\). \(D\) has a to satisfy a certain nonintegrability condition and only \(D\) (not all of \(TM\)) is supposed to carry a Riemannian metric. Such structures naturally appear, e.g., in the theory of hypoelliptic operators. It may now be asked to which extent Riemannian geometry carries over to sub-Riemannian manifolds. The present paper surveys the current state of the art. The topics discussed include basic definitions, basic examples, metric structure, geodesics, Hausdorff dimension, isoperimetric and Sobolev inequality, comparison results, Hodge-deRham theory, and hypoelliptic operators. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0866.00026].
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