Subsemigroups of bands of Abelian groups
Let \(\mathcal V\) be a variety of bands and \(\mathcal W\) a semigroup quasivariety. A semigroup \(S\) is called a \(\mathcal V\)-band of semigroups in \(\mathcal W\) if there is a congruence \(\rho\) on \(S\) such that each \(\rho\)-class belongs to \(\mathcal W\) and \(S/\rho\in\mathcal V\). Let \(X\) be a countable infinite alphabet and \(X^*\) the free monoid over \(X\). The main results of the article are the following three theorems. Theorem 2.9. The following conditions on a semigroup \(S\) are equivalent: (i) \(S\) satisfies (1) \(x^2yx=xyx^2\), (2) \(x^2=xy=y^2\Rightarrow x=y\), (3) \(x_1ty_1t=x_2ty_2t\) \& \(tx_1ty_1=tx_2ty_2\Rightarrow x_1ty_1=x_2ty_2\), (4) \(x_1ty_1t^2=x_2ty_2t^2\) \& \(t^2x_1ty_1=t^2x_2ty_2\Rightarrow x_1ty_1=x_2ty_2\), where \(x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2\in X^*\) and \(t\in X\); (ii) \(S\) is a band of commutative cancellative semigroups; (iii) \(S\) can be embedded in a band of abelian groups. If this is the case then \(S\) can be embedded in a band of abelian groups which is a semigroup of quotients of \(S\). Let \({\mathcal S}{\mathcal L}\) be the variety of all semilattices. Theorem 3.2. Let \(\mathcal V\) be a variety of bands defined by the identity \(u=v\) and containing \({\mathcal S}{\mathcal L}\). Then a semigroup \(S\) is a \(\mathcal V\)-band of commutative cancellative semigroups if and only if \(S\) satisfies \(u=v\) and (1)-(4). Theorem 3.3. Let \(\mathcal V\) be a variety of bands defined by the identity \(u=v\) and containing \({\mathcal S}{\mathcal L}\). The following conditions on a semigroup \(S\) are equivalent: (i) \(S\) satisfies \(u=v\) and (1)-(4); (ii) \(S\) is a \(\mathcal V\)-band of commutative cancellative semigroups; (iii) \(S\) can be embedded in a \(\mathcal V\)-band of abelian groups.
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