Superimposing theta structure on a generalized modular relation

Abstract: A generalized modular relation of the form

, where

and

i = s q r t - 1

, is obtained in the course of evaluating an integral involving the Riemann

X i

-function. It is a two-variable generalization of a transformation found on page

220

of Ramanujan's Lost Notebook. This modular relation involves a surprising generalization of the Hurwitz zeta function

z e t a (s, a)

, which we denote by

z e t a_{w} (s, a)

. While

z e t a_{w} (s, 1)

is essentially a product of confluent hypergeometric function and the Riemann zeta function,

z e t a_{w} (s, a)

for

0 < a < 1

is an interesting new special function. We show that

z e t a_{w} (s, a)

satisfies a beautiful theory generalizing that of

z e t a (s, a)

albeit the properties of

z e t a_{w} (s, a)

are much harder to derive than those of

z e t a (s, a)

. In particular, it is shown that for

0 < a < 1

and

w i n m a t h b b C

,

z e t a_{w} (s, a)

can be analytically continued to Re

(s) > - 1

except for a simple pole at

s = 1

. This is done by obtaining a generalization of Hermite's formula in the context of

z e t a_{w} (s, a)

. The theory of functions reciprocal in the kernel

s i n (p i z) J_{2 z} (2 s q r t x t) - c o s (p i z) L_{2 z} (2 s q r t x t)

, where

L_{z} (x) = - f r a c 2 p i K_{z} (x) - Y_{z} (x)

and

J_{z} (x), Y_{z} (x)

and

K_{z} (x)

are the Bessel functions, is worked out. So is the theory of a new generalization of

K_{z} (x)

, namely,

_{1} K_{z, w} (x)

. Both these theories as well as that of

z e t a_{w} (s, a)

are essential to obtain the generalized modular relation.

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