Tangential interaction force equation between two particles

defining equation of force component acting tangentially at the contact interface between two particles

Formula(s) and Quantities

$\begin{matrix} 𝑭_{i j}^{T, p r e} & = & - k_{i j}^{T} 𝝃_{i j} - d_{i j}^{T} {\dot{𝝃}}_{i j} \\ 𝐢𝐟 ‖ 𝑭_{i j}^{T, c o n s} ‖ & \leq & μ ‖ 𝑭_{i j}^{N} ‖ 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝑭_{i j}^{T} = 𝑭_{i j}^{T, p r e}, \\ 𝐞𝐥𝐬𝐞 𝑭_{i j}^{T} & = & μ ‖ 𝑭_{i j}^{N} ‖ 𝒕, \\ 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞: \\ 𝑭_{i j}^{T, c o n s} & = & - k_{i j}^{T} 𝝃_{i j}, \\ 𝝃_{i j} & = & 𝒙_{C_{j i}} - 𝒙_{C_{i j}}, \\ {\dot{𝝃}}_{i j} & = & ⟨ 𝒗_{i} - 𝒗_{j}, 𝒕 ⟩ 𝒕, \\ 𝒕 & = & \frac{𝝃_{i j}}{‖ 𝝃_{i j} ‖}, \\ k_{i j}^{T} & = & k_{i j}^{N} / 1.2, \\ k_{i j}^{N} & = & \frac{π}{2} \frac{r_{i} + r_{j}}{2} E_{N}, \\ d_{i j}^{T} & = & 2 D_{T} \sqrt{k_{i j}^{N} \frac{m_{i} m_{j}}{m_{i} + m_{j}}} . \end{matrix}$
$𝑭_{i j}^{T} \in ℝ^{3}$ represents tangential interaction force equation between two particles
$𝒕$ represents unit tangent vector
$𝒗_{i} \in ℝ^{3}$ represents particle velocity
$𝒙_{C_{i j}} \in ℝ^{3}$ represents contact point of particles
$D_{T}$ represents damping coefficient
$E_{N}$ represents Young's modulus
$k_{i j}^{T}$ represents tangential stiffness
$k_{i j}^{N}$ represents normal stiffness
$m_{i}$ represents particle mass
$r_{i}$ represents particle radius

Assumptions

Further links

Item	Property
linear discrete element method	contains
tangential interaction force equation between two particles	symbol represents
torque equation of particle	symbol represents

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