The Baillon-Simons theorems

DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2004.08.034MaRDI QIDQ1779504zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Rueiher Tsaur

Publication date 1 June 2005

Published in Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2004.08.034

zbMATH Keywords

almost-fixed-point theoremsdiscrete fixed-point theoremsfixed-point theoremsinteger lattices

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graph theory (05C99) Ordered structures (06F99) Lattices and convex bodies in (n) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C07) Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topological aspects) (54H25)

Review text

Within the integer lattice \(\mathbb{Z}^d\), an important role -- somewhat akin to that of compact convex sets in Euclidean space -- is played by the rectangular blocks (or meshes). \textit{J. B. Baillon} and \textit{S. Simons} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 60, No. 1, 147--154 (1992; Zbl 0764.05009)] proved an almost-fixed-point theorem and a fixed-point theorem for mappings of rectangular blocks into \(\mathbb{Z}^d\). These theorems are analogous, respectively, to the Halpern-Bergman fixed-point theorem and the Browder fixed-point theorem for multifunctions. While Baillon and Simons made significant use of those topological results in the proofs of their theorems, they speculated about the possibility of a direct combinatorial proof. This paper presents such proofs for both theorems. Moreover, it is shown that the Halpern-Bergman theorem follows quickly from the almost-fixed-point theorem, giving a sort of informal equivalence between the two as well as a formal similarity. The interested reader should probably also consult [\textit{M. B. Smyth} and \textit{R. Tsaur}, Appl. Categ. Struct. 11, No. 1, 95--116 (2003; Zbl 1023.54033)] for a more general introduction to this deep and interesting topic, which has potential applications to image processing, numerical analysis, and other areas.

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Cites work

• A Fixed-Point Theorem for Inward and Outward Maps
• AFPP vs FPP
• Almost-fixed-point and fixed-point theorems for discrete-valued maps
• Automorphisms and endomorphisms of infinite locally finite graphs
• Convexity and fixed-point properties in Helly graphs
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3890210 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3962727 (Why is no real title available?)
• On the Helly property working as a compactness criterion on graphs
• The fixed point theory of multi-valued mappings in topological vector spaces

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