The Hampwile theorem for nonlinear eigenvalues

existence of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of nonlinear operators mountain pass lemma multiplication operator real Carathéodory function selfadjoint operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonlinear spectral theory, nonlinear eigenvalue problems (47J10) Variational problems in abstract bifurcation theory in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E07)

Review text

The author gives conditions for the existence of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of nonlinear operators which are closely related to a (very weak form of the) mountain pass lemma. The main theorem reads as follows. Let A be a selfadjoint operator on \(L^ 2(\Omega)\) \((\Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}}^ n\) bounded and smooth) such that \(C^{\infty}_ 0(\Omega)\subseteq D(A^{1/2})\subseteq W^ m_ 2(\Omega)\), and let f be a real Carathéodory function on \(\Omega\times {\mathbb{R}}\). Suppose that there exists a positive function v on \(\Omega\) such that \(| f(x,t)| \leq v(x)^ q(1+| t|^{q-1})\) (where \(q\in [1,2n/(n-2m))\) for \(n>2m\), and \(q\in [1,\infty)\) for \(n\leq 2m)\), and the multiplication operator \((V\phi)(x)=v(x)\phi (x)\) is compact from \(D(A^{1/2})\) into \(L^ q(\Omega)\). Moreover, assume that \[ \int_{\Omega}\int^{u_ 0(x)}_{0}f(x,s)ds dx>0 \] for some \(u_ 0\in D(A^{1/2})\). Then there are two distinct functions \(u_ 1,u_ 2\in D(A^{1/2})\setminus \{0\}\) and constants \(\lambda_ 1,\lambda_ 2>0\) such that \(Au_ i=\lambda_ if(x,u_ i)\) \((i=1,2).\) Many illuminating examples are given as well.

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