The Hessenberg matrix and the Riemann mapping function

DOI10.1007/S10444-012-9291-YMaRDI QIDQ380991zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors C. Escribano, Antonio Giraldo, M. Asunción Sastre, E. Torrano

Publication date 15 November 2013

Published in Advances in Computational Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.6036

Hessenberg matrix orthogonal polynomials regular measures Riemann mapping function uniformly asymptotically Toeplitz operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47) Hermitian and normal operators (spectral measures, functional calculus, etc.) (47B15) Jacobi (tridiagonal) operators (matrices) and generalizations (47B36) General theory of numerical methods in complex analysis (potential theory, etc.) (65E05)

Abstract: We consider a Jordan arc Gamma in the complex plane mathbb{C} and a regular measure mu whose support is Gamma . We denote by D the upper Hessenberg matrix of the multiplication by z operator with respect to the orthonormal polynomial basis associated with mu . We show in this work that, if the Hessenberg matrix D is uniformly asymptotically Toeplitz, then the symbol of the limit operator is the restriction to the unit circle of the Riemann mapping function phi(z) which maps conformally the exterior of the unit disk onto the exterior of the support of the measure mu . We use this result to show how to approximate the Riemann mapping function for the support of mu from the entries of the Hessenberg matrix D.

Review text

The main object under consideration in the paper is a Borel probability measure \(\mu\) in the complex plane with a compact support \(\Gamma=\text{supp}(\mu)\) containing infinitely many points, and the corresponding system of orthonormal polynomials \(\{p_n\}_{n\geq0}\). The authors focus on the case when \(\Gamma\) is a finite union of disjoint Jordan arcs. So, the complement \(\mathbb{C}\backslash\Gamma\) is a simply connected set of the Riemann sphere, and the Riemann mapping function \(\phi(\Gamma)\) which maps conformally the exterior of the unit disk onto the exterior of \(\Gamma\) arises naturally. There is a clear operator theoretic setting within the theory of orthogonal polynomials based on the multiplication operator \(D\) in the space \(P^2(\mu)\), the closure of polynomials in \(L^2_\mu(\Gamma)\). Its matrix in the basis \(\{p_n\}_{n\geq0}\) is known to be an infinite upper Hessenberg matrix \(D(\mu)\). A bounded linear operator \(A\) in \(\ell^2\) is called uniformly asymptotically Toeplitz if \(A=T+K\) with Toeplitz \(T\) and compact \(K\). Both terms are obviously uniquely determined, and \(T\) is called a limiting operator for \(A\). The authors show that, if in the above assumptions the measure \(\mu\) is regular, \(D\) is uniformly asymptotically Toeplitz, and the limiting operator \(T\) has a continuous symbol, then the latter agrees with the restriction to the unit circle of the corresponding Riemann mapping function \(\phi(\Gamma)\).

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