The S.V.D. of the Poisson kernel

DOI10.1007/S00041-016-9515-5MaRDI QIDQ1691994zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 January 2018

Published in The Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.06836

biharmonic Steklov eigenfunctions harmonic Bergman space Poisson kernel reproducing kernel singular value decomposition

Other functions defined by series and integrals (33E20) Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic equations (35J40) Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels (= (proper) functional Hilbert spaces, including de Branges-Rovnyak and other structured spaces) (46E22) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)

Abstract: This paper describes the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the Poisson kernel for the Dirichlet problem for the Laplacian on bounded regions in R^N, N >=2. This operator is a compact linear transformation from L^2 of the boundary to L^2 of the region. These singular values and functions are related to the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Dirichlet Biharmonic Steklov eigenproblem. The Bergman harmonic projection on L^2 is characterized and the Reproducing kernel for the real harmonic Bergman space is described. Optimal finite rank approximations of the Poisson kernel, with error estimates, are found. Spectral formulae for the normal derivatives of eigenfunctions of the Dirichlet Laplacian are found and yield bounds on a constant in an inequality of Hassell and Tao.

Review text

Let \(\Omega\) denote a bounded, connected, open subset of \(\mathbb R^N, \) whose boundary \(\partial \Omega\) is the union of a finite number of disjoint closed Lipschitz surfaces, each surface having finite surface area. Let \(\sigma,d\sigma\) represent, respectively, Hausdorff \((N-1)\)-dimensional measure and integration with respect to this measure and \(\tilde{\sigma}(E)=(\sigma(\partial \Omega))^{-1} \sigma(E).\) Under a stronger assumption on \(\Omega,\) a maximal orthonormal set \(\{ w_j : j\geq 1\},\) in \(L^2(\partial\Omega,d\tilde{\sigma})\), is constructed. Let \(L^2_H (\Omega)\) be the harmonic Bergman space, and \(\gamma_H\) be the harmonic trace operator on \(L^2_H(\Omega)\). Given a function \(g=\sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \hat{g}_jw_j\in L^2(\partial\Omega,d\tilde{\sigma})\), the function \(\tilde{u}=E_H g\in L^2_H(\Omega)\) satisfying \(\gamma_H(\tilde{u})=g\) is given by the formula \[ E_H g(x)=\sqrt{|\partial\Omega|}\sum_{j=1}^{\infty}\frac{\hat{g}_j}{\sqrt{q_j}}h_j(x).\tag{1} \] Here, \(h_j=\Delta b_j\), where, for \(j\geq 1\), \(b_j\) and \(q_j\) are, respectively, the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of a DBS (Dirichlet biharmonic Steklov) eigenproblem (Problem (5.2)). A comparison between (1) and the formula \[ E_H g(x)=\int_{\partial\Omega} P(x,z) g(z) \,d\sigma, \] where \(P:\Omega\times\partial\Omega\to [0,\infty]\) is the Poisson kernel, leads to an S.V.D (singular value decomposition) of \(P(x,z)\), in terms of \(w_j, b_j, h_j ,q_j\) (Theorem 7.2). Finite rank approximations \(P_M (x,z)\) of \(P(x,z)\) are presented with error estimates (Theorem 7.3). Section 8 is devoted to explicit spectral formulas for the normal derivatives of eigenfunctions for the Dirichlet Laplacian on \(\partial\Omega\). A comparison with previous results by \textit{A. Hassell} and \textit{T. Tao} [Math. Res. Lett. 9, No. 2--3, 289--305 (2002; Zbl 1014.58015)] is made.

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