The bernsteim polynomial in one variable
Commutative rings of differential operators and their modules (13N10) Rings of differential operators (associative algebraic aspects) (16S32) Sheaves of differential operators and their modules, (D)-modules (32C38) Microlocal methods and methods of sheaf theory and homological algebra applied to PDEs (35A27)
The study of the structure of \(D\)-modules led I. N. Bernstein to the nice existence theorem about differential operators with polynomial coefficients, referred as the lemma of \(b\)-functions: there exists a polynomial \(d(\lambda)\), with coefficients in the Weyl algebra \(A_n(K)[\lambda]\) of \(n\) variables, and a nonzero polynomial \(h(\lambda)\in K(\lambda)\) such that \(d(\lambda)*p^{\lambda+1}=h(\lambda)p^\lambda\), where \(p\) is a fixed polynomial of \(n\) variables. Recently an algorithm of computing \(b\)-functions was provided [see: \textit{T. Oaku}, Duke Math. J. 87, No. 1, 115-132 (1997; Zbl 0893.32009)]. In the paper under review the case of one variable \(x\) is considered. More precisely, let \(K\) be a field of characteristic zero and \(p=p(x)\) be a non-constant polynomial in \(K[x]\). We shall consider the set \(\{P_1,\dots,P_f\}\) of all distinct monic irreducible factors of \(p(x)\). For each \(r\), \(1\leq r\leq j\), we set \(c_r(\lambda)=(n_r\lambda+n_r)\) \((n_r\lambda+n_r-1)\dots(n_r\lambda+1)\). Let \(Q\) be the subfield of rational numbers of \(K\), then the authors' result says that if \(c(\lambda)\in Q[\lambda]\) denotes the last common multiple of the polynomial \(c_r(\lambda)\), then \(d(\lambda)\bullet p^{\lambda+1}=c(\lambda)p^\lambda\), where \(d(\lambda)\in{\mathcal A}(K)[\lambda]\). By \(A(K)[\lambda]\) is denoted the algebra of polynomials in \(\lambda\) with coefficients in the Weyl algebra \(A(K)\) of differential operators in one variable over \(K[x]\). It is shown how to construct \(d(\lambda)\). After this the authors prove that \(c(\lambda)\) is a \(b\)-function, i.e. \(c(\lambda)=b(\lambda)\).
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