On Bernstein-Sato polynomials

Polynomial rings and ideals; rings of integer-valued polynomials (13F20) Commutative rings of differential operators and their modules (13N10) Rings of differential operators (associative algebraic aspects) (16S32)

Review text

Let \(R=k[x_1,\dots, X_n]\) be a polynomial ring over a field \(k\) of characteristic 0 and \(A\) the corresponding Weyl algebra, i.e., the \(R\)-subalgebra of \(\Hom_k(R,R)\) generated by the partial differentiations \(d/dX_1,\dots, d/dX_n\). For every \(f\in R\), there exists \(b\in k[s]\) and \(Q_0,\dots, Q_v\in A\) such that: \[ b(s)f^s= Q_0 f^{s+1}+sQ_1 f^{s+1}+ s^2Q_2f^{s+1}+\dots+ s^v Q_vf^{s+1} \] for every integer \(s\). The polynomials in one variable \(b\) for which such an equation exists form an ideal of \(k[s]\), whose monic generator is called the Bernstein-Sato polynomial of \(f\) and is denoted by \(b_f\). The roots of \(b_f\) are rational numbers; in particular, \(b_f\in \mathbb{Q}[s]\). The author proves that the set of all polynomials \(b\in \mathbb{Q}[s]\) such that \(b=b_f\) for some polynomial \(f\) of degree at most \(d\) (in \(n\) variables) is finite. As a corollary, he shows that there exists an integer \(t=t(n,d)\) such that \(f^{-t}\) generates \(R_f\) as an \(A\)-module for every \(f\in R\) of degree at most \(d\). As the author points out, it would be very interesting to have an explicit upper bound on \(t(n,d)\).

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