The classification of rational subtangle replacements between rational tangles

DOI10.2140/AGT.2013.13.1413MaRDI QIDQ1954149zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kenneth L. Baker, Dorothy Buck

Publication date 20 June 2013

Published in Algebraic \& Geometric Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.7669

zbMATH Keywords

branched covergeneralised Seifert fibred spaceslens space surgeriesrational tangletangle replacement

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: A natural generalization of a crossing change is a rational subtangle replacement (RSR). We characterize the fundamental situation of the rational tangles obtained from a given rational tangle via RSR, building on work of Berge and Gabai, and determine the sites where these RSR may occur. In addition we also determine the sites for RSR distance at least two between 2-bridge links. These proofs depend on the geometry of the branched double cover. Furthermore, we classify all knots in lens spaces whose exteriors are generalized Seifert fibered spaces and their lens space surgeries, extending work of Darcy-Sumners. This work is in part motivated by the common biological situation of proteins cutting, rearranging and resealing DNA segments -- effectively performing RSR on DNA `tangles'.

Review text

Given a tangle \((B,T)\) and an arc \(\alpha\) connecting two points of \(T\), the neighbourhood of \(\alpha\) determines a rational subtangle. Replacing this by a different rational tangle is called rational subtangle replacement (RSR). The distance of the RSR is determined by the relationship between the two rational tangles. This paper focuses on the case where \((B, T)\) is itself a rational tangle. The Montesinos trick relates RSR to Dehn surgery on the branched double cover of the tangle. The authors use this to translate results about Dehn surgeries in solid tori, by \textit{D. Gabai} [Topology 28, No. 1, 1--6 (1989; Zbl 0678.57004)] and \textit{J. Berge} [Topology Appl. 38, No. 1, 1--19 (1991; Zbl 0725.57001)], into statements about rational tangles, giving explicitly when two rational tangles are related by RSR. They then address the question of which arc is used in the RSR in each case. Similar results are given for RSR of distance at least 2 in rational links. The proof of this makes use of existing classifications of RSR for rational links, Dehn surgery in lens spaces, Seifert fibred spaces, and hyperbolic orbifolds. It also requires an understanding of knots in lens spaces whose exteriors are generalised Seifert fibred spaces. A classification of these is given towards the end of the paper.

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Cited in

(8)

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