The classification of special Cohen-Macaulay modules
The authors give several homological characterizations of special Cohen-Macaulay modules and completely classify all of them corresponding to the exceptional curves in the dual graph of the minimal resolutions of all two dimensional quotient singularities. Let \(R\) be a complete local normal domain of dimension two with canonical module \(\omega\), \(\text{SCM}(R)\) be the category of special Cohen-Macaulay modules and \(\Omega \text{CM}(R)\) be the category consisting of first syzygy modules of some Cohen-Macaulay module. The authors give the following homological characterizations of specials: For a Cohen-Macaulay module \(X\), the following conditions are equivalent. {\parindent=7mm \begin{itemize}\item[(a)]\(X\) is special Cohen-Macaulay. \item[(b)]\(\text{Ext}^2_{R}(\text{Tr} X, \omega)=0\). \item[(c)]\(\Omega \text{Tr} X\) is Cohen-Macaulay. \item[(d)]\(\text{Ext}^{1}_{R}(X,R)=0\). \item[(e)]\(\text{Hom}_{R}(X,R) \in \Omega \text{CM}(R)\). \end{itemize}} In particular, there exists a duality \(\text{Hom}_{R}(-,R) : \text{SCM}(R) \cong \Omega \text{CM}(R)\) and the syzygy functor \(\Omega\) gives the equivalence \(\underline{\text{SCM}}(R) \tilde{\rightarrow} \underline{\Omega \text{CM}}(R)\). This characterization means that the specials are realized as Cohen-Macaulay modules whose first Ext group vanishes, and the problem is reduced to combinatorics on the Auslander-Reiten quiver. The authors also prove that the global dimension of the reconstruction algebras which is the endomorphism algebras of additive generators in \(\text{SCM}(R)\) is either two or three, and classify the specials for all small finite subgroups of \(\mathrm{GL}(2, \mathbb{C})\).
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