The mesoscopic geometry of sparse random maps

DOI10.5802/JEP.207MaRDI QIDQ2676476zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Nicolas Curien, Igor Kortchemski, Cyril Marzouk

Publication date 27 September 2022

Published in Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10719

zbMATH Keywords

drifted Brownian motionintermediate scaling limitskernelrandom maps

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vertex degrees (05C07) Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Random graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C80) Combinatorial probability (60C05) Geometric probability and stochastic geometry (60D05)

Abstract: We investigate the structure of large uniform random maps with $n$ edges, $mathrm{f}_n$ faces, and with genus $mathrm{g}_n$ in the so-called sparse case, where the ratio between the number vertices and edges tends to $1$. We focus on two regimes: the planar case $(mathrm{f}_n,2mathrm{g}_n)=(mathrm{s}_n,0)$ and the unicellular case with moderate genus $(mathrm{f}_n,2mathrm{g}_n)=(1,mathrm{s}_n-1)$, both when $1llmathrm{s}_{n}lln$. Albeit different at first sight, these two models can be treated in a unified way using a probabilistic version of the classical core-kernel decomposition. In particular, we show that the number of edges of the core of such maps, obtained by iteratively removing degree $1$ vertices, is concentrated around $sqrtnmathrm{s}_n$. Further, their kernel, obtained by contracting the vertices of the core with degree $2$, is such that the sum of the degree of its vertices exceeds that of a trivalent map by a term of order $sqrtmathrm{s}_n^3/n$; in particular they are trivalent with high probability when $mathrm{s}_{n}ll{n}^{1/3}$. This enables us to identify a mesoscopic scale $sqrtn/mathrm{s}_n$ at which the scaling limits of these random maps can be seen as the local limit of their kernels, which is the dual of the UIPT in the planar case and the infinite three-regular tree in the unicellular case, where each edge is replaced by an independent (biased) Brownian tree with two marked points.

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Cited in

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• Multi-ended Markovian triangulations and robust convergence to the UIPT
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