The prime geodesic theorem in arithmetic progressions

DOI10.1093/IMRN/RNAE198MaRDI QIDQ7026043zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Dimitrios Chatzakos, Gergely Harcos, Ikuya Kaneko

Publication date 18 February 2025

Published in IMRN. International Mathematics Research Notices (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1093/IMRN/RNAE198

zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic progressionprime geodesic theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic progressions (11B25) Analytic theory (Epstein zeta functions; relations with automorphic forms and functions) (11E45) Structure of modular groups and generalizations; arithmetic groups (11F06) (zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)) (11M06)

Review text

According to Peter Sarnak's 1980 doctoral thesis, as an analogue of the Dirichlet Prime Number Theorem, prime conjugacy classes in a cocompact arithmetic group \(\Gamma\subset \mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})\) distribute evenly in the conjugacy classes of \(\Gamma/\Gamma'\) for any normal sublattice \(\Gamma'\).\N\NThe present paper contains a different, and more subtle assertion for congruence subgroups of \(\Gamma=\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\). The authors investigate the distribution of conjugacy classes \([\gamma]\) according to their traces \(\mathrm{tr}(\gamma)\in\mathbb{Z}\), modulo a given prime \(p\). To formulate the main result, let \(\ell(\gamma)\) denote the length of the closed geodesic in the Riemann surface \(\Gamma\backslash \mathbb{H}\) attached to a hyperbolic class \([\gamma]\). Further, let \(\gamma_0\) denote the prime element underlying \(\gamma\). The prime geodesic theorem can be formulated as an assertion on the asymptotic, as \(x\to\infty\), of the function \N\[\N\psi_\Gamma(x)=\sum_{\substack{[\gamma]\\\N\ell(\gamma)\le \log x}}\ell(\gamma_0).\N\]\NFix a prime number \(p\) and let \(a\) be an arbitrary residue class modulo \(p\). Then for the function \N\[\N\psi_\Gamma(x,p,a)=\sum_{\substack{[\gamma]\\\N\mathrm{tr}(\gamma)\equiv a (p)\\\N\ell(\gamma)\le \log x}}\ell(\gamma_0)\N\] \None has\N\[\N\psi_\Gamma(x,p,a)=\begin{cases}\frac x{p-1}+O_\varepsilon\big(x^{\frac34+\frac{\vartheta}2+\varepsilon}\big) &\text{if }\left(\frac{a^2-4}p\right)=1,\\\N\frac x{p+1}+O_\varepsilon\big(x^{\frac34+\frac{\vartheta}2+\varepsilon}\big) &\text{if }\left(\frac{a^2-4}p\right)=-1,\\\N\frac {px}{p^2-1}+O_\varepsilon\big(x^{\frac34+\frac{\vartheta}2+\varepsilon}\big) &\text{if }\left(\frac{a^2-4}p\right)=0,\\\N\end{cases}\N\]\Nwhere \(\vartheta>0\) is a subconvex exponent for quadratic Dirichlet \(L\)-functions. The current record \(\vartheta=\frac16\) by \textit{J. B. Conrey} and \textit{H. Iwaniec} [Ann. Math. (2) 151, No. 3, 1175--1216 (2000; Zbl 0973.11056)] yields the best known exponent \(\frac{25}{36}+\varepsilon\). The paper proves a conjecture by Golchanskiy and Smotrov, but the proof follows a new route in that they express the counting function above in terms of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions and use a subtle analysis of the latter.

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Cited in

(1)

• Distribution of prime geodesic traces

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