The reverse representation problem

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This article adresses an inverse problem related to the celebrated Cayley's Theorem. Recall that the latter asserts that any group \(G\) can be realized as a permutation group by considering the left regular representation. This can be readily extended to monoids and even so-called faithful semigroups. In this article the authors adress the reverse question. Suppose we are given a (faithful) semigroup \(S\) of transformations on a given set \(X\). Under what circumstances can one find a semigroup operation on \(X\) such that the semigroup \(S\) is the regular representation of the semigroup on \(X\)? These semigroup operations on \(X\) are called unrepresentations of \(S\). The authors discuss that if such unrepresentations exist, then they form a group which is isomorphic with the group of units of the centralizer of \(S\) in the monoid of self-maps \(\mathrm{End}(X)\).\N\NHowever, the existence of unrepresentations is not clear. The authors provide some necessary conditions and comment on the fact that a characterization is unlikely. This is further illustrated by considering a particular left zero band that can be embedded in the endomorphisms of a particular set \(X\), satisfying both necessary conditions, but which can not have an unrepresentation.\N\NFinally, the authors examine the case of Clifford semigroups in more detail. Recall that a Clifford semigroup can be understood as a semilattice of groups, which allows for more control. In particular, they are able to show that an unrepresentation of a Clifford semigroup corresponds, as one may expect, to unrepresentation of the group components of the semilattice that are well-behaved. Moreover, this is reformulated in the functorial interpretation of Clifford semigroups. To end the paper it is remarked that unfortunately it is not obvious when these group components posses unrepresentations that are well-behaved, allowing for an unrepresentation of the full Clifford semigroup. However, a final positive example for Clifford semigroups where all group components are cyclic is provided.











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