The singular limit of a vector-valued reaction-diffusion process
Let \(W:(0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) be a smooth function that vanishes exactly at \(a\) and \(b\), whose derivative \(W'\) vanishes at \(a,b\) and some \(d\in(a,b)\). For \(\varphi\in\mathbb{R}^2\) set \(\widetilde W(\varphi)=W(|\varphi|)\) and \(\widetilde W_{,\varphi}(\varphi)=W'((|\varphi|){\varphi\over|\varphi|}\). Consider the vector-valued reaction-diffusion equation for \(\varphi_\varepsilon=\varphi:\Omega_T=(0,T)\times\Omega\to\mathbb{R}^2\): \[ \varepsilon\partial_t\varphi-\varepsilon\Delta\varphi+{1\over\varepsilon} \widetilde W_{,\varphi}(\varphi)=0\text{ in }\Omega_T, \] with Neumann conditions on \((\partial\Omega)_T\) and initial values \(\varphi^0_\varepsilon\). Here \(\Omega\) is a smooth bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(n\geq 2\), and \(\varphi^0_\varepsilon\) is a smooth radially symmetric function which lies strictly in the right half-plane. The energy is assumed to be initially bounded. The authors represent \(\varphi_\varepsilon\) as \(u_\varepsilon e^{if_\varepsilon}\). They show the existence of subsequences of \(u_\varepsilon\) and \(f_\varepsilon\) which converge to \(u_0\) and \(f_0\), in \(L^1(\Omega_T)\) as \(\varepsilon\to 0\). They study some properties of \(u_0\) and \(f_0\), suggested by the results of \textit{J. Rubinstein}, \textit{P. Sternberg} and \textit{J. Keller} [SIAM J. Appl. Math. 49, 1722-1733 (1989; Zbl 0702.35128)]. In particular, they prove that \(u_0\) takes only the values \(a\) and \(b\) almost everywhere in \(\Omega_T\), the free boundary \(\partial\{u_0=a\}\) evolves by its mean curvature, \(f_0\) satisfies a harmonic map flow in the bulk phases and a jump condition on the interface. The proofs are based on an extension of the energy method developed by the authors in [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 28, 769-807 (1997; Zbl 0874.35009)].
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