The structure of random homeomorphisms

Descriptive set theory (03E15) Conjugacy classes for groups (20E45) Fixed points and periodic points of dynamical systems; fixed-point index theory; local dynamics (37C25) Dynamics induced by group actions other than (mathbb{Z}) and (mathbb{R}), and (mathbb{C}) (37C85) Dynamical systems involving maps of the interval (37E05) Dynamical systems involving maps of the circle (37E10) Measures on groups and semigroups, etc. (43A05) Topological properties of groups of homeomorphisms or diffeomorphisms (57S05)

Abstract: In order to understand the structure of the "typical" element of a homeomorphism group, one has to study how large the conjugacy classes of the group are. When typical means generic in the sense of Baire category, this is well understood, see e.g. the works of Glasner and Weiss, and Kechris and Rosendal. Following Dougherty and Mycielski we investigate the measure theoretic dual of this problem, using Christensen's notion of Haar null sets. When typical means random, that is, almost every with respect to this notion of Haar null sets, the behaviour of the homeomorphisms is entirely different from the generic case. For

e x t {H o m e o}^{+} ([0, 1])

we describe the non-Haar null conjugacy classes and also show that their union is co-Haar null, for

e x t {H o m e o}^{+} (m a t h b b S^{1})

we describe the non-Haar null conjugacy classes, and for

m a t h c a l U (e l l^{2})

we show that, apart from the classes of the multishifts, all conjugacy classes are Haar null. As an application we affirmatively answer the question whether these groups can be written as the union of a meagre and a Haar null set.

Review text

Using notion of Haar null sets (see [\textit{J. P. R. Christensen}, Isr. J. Math. 13, 255--260 (1972; Zbl 0249.43002)]) the goal of the paper is the description of the non-Haar null conjugacy classes for several groups, such as the group \(\mathrm{Homeo}^+([0,1])\) of increasing homeomorphisms of the unit interval \({[0,1]}\), the group \(\mathrm{Homeo}^+(\mathbb{S}^1)\) of order-preserving homeomorphisms of the circle and the group \(\mathcal{U}(\ell^2)\) of unitary transformations of the separable, infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. In particular, the authors show that if the conjugacy class of \(U\in\mathcal{U}(\ell^2)\) is non-Haar null then the spectral measure of \(U\) is equivalent to the Lebesgue measure and the multiplicity function of \(U\) is constant Lebesgue almost everywhere. As a corollary of the main results, the authors prove that the groups \(\mathrm{Homeo}^+([0,1])\), \(\mathrm{Homeo}^+(\mathbb{S}^1)\) and the group \(\mathrm{Homeo}^+(\mathbb{D}^2)\) of orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of the disc \(\mathbb{D}^2\) can be partitioned into a Haar null and a meagre set. For the group \(\mathcal{U}(\ell^2)\), it is a known fact from [\textit{M. P. Cohen} and \textit{R. R. Kallman}, Isr. J. Math. 215, No. 1, 1--30 (2016; Zbl 1358.43001)]. At the end of paper, the authors listed some open problems. An interesting open question is: are all conjugacy classes in \(\mathcal{U}(\ell^2)\) Haar null?

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