The wave trace and Birkhoff billiards
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Abstract: The purpose of this article is to develop a Hadamard-Riesz type parametrix for the wave propagator in bounded planar domains with smooth, strictly convex boundary. This parametrix then allows us to rederive an oscillatory integral representation for the wave trace appearing in cite{MaMe82} and compute its principal symbol explicitly in terms of geometric data associated to the billiard map. This results in new formulas for the wave invariants. The order of the principal symbol, which appears to be inconsistent in the works of cite{MaMe82} and cite{Popov1994}, is also corrected. In those papers, the principal symbol was never actually computed and to our knowledge, this paper contains the first explicit formulas for the principal symbol of the wave trace. The wave trace formulas we provide are localized near both simple lengths corresponding to nondegenerate periodic orbits and degenerate lengths associated to one parameter families of periodic orbits tangent to a single rational caustic. Existence of a Hadamard-Riesz type parametrix with explicit symbol and phase calculations in the interior appears to be new in the literature, with the exception of the author's previous work cite{Vig18} in the special case of elliptical domains. This allows us to circumvent the symbol calculus in cite{DuGu75} and cite{HeZe12} when computing trace formulas, which are instead derived from integrating our explicit parametrix over the diagonal.
In this work a Hadamard-Riesz-type parametrix for the wave propagator in bounded planar domains \(\Omega\) with smooth and strictly convex boundary, is developed. The derived parametrix is mainly used to produce asymptotic expansions for the distributional wave trace \(\mathrm{Tr} \cos t \sqrt{-\Delta}\) near isolated lengths in the length spectrum, with \(\Delta\) being the Dirichlet Laplacian on a domain \(\Omega\). Following the work by \textit{S. Marvizi} and \textit{R. Melrose} [J. Differ. Geom. 17, 475--502 (1982; Zbl 0492.53033)], its principal symbol in terms of geometric data associated to the underlying billiard map is computed. This result provides new formulas for the wave invariants. The article is well written. All the (sometimes technical) proofs are presented step by step. The reference list includes a rich variety of good papers supplementing this research.
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