The zeta function of a recurrence sequence of arbitrary degree

Recurrences (11B37) Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and polynomials and generalizations (11B39) Other Dirichlet series and zeta functions (11M41) Analytic continuation of functions of one complex variable (30B40) Dirichlet series, exponential series and other series in one complex variable (30B50)

Abstract: We consider a Dirichlet series

s u m_{n = 1}^{i n f t y} a_{n}^{- s}

, where

a_{n}

satisfies a linear recurrence of arbitrary degree with integer coefficients. Under suitable hypotheses, we prove that it has a meromorphic continuation to the complex plane, giving explicit formulas for its pole set and residues, as well as for its finite values at negative integers, which are shown to be rational numbers. To illustrate the results, we focus on some concrete examples which have also been studied previously by other authors.

Review text

In this paper, most of the previous results are generalized, considering a general recurrence sequence \(a_n\) of arbitrary degree over the integers and the Dirichlet series \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n^{-s}\). The main result is to prove the meromorphic continuation of the Dirichlet series associated to a recurrence satisfying the certain conditions, giving explicit formulas for its pole set and residues. To illustrate the results, some special cases are reviewed, namely, quadratic and cubic recurrences, including Fibonacci and Tribonacci recurrences, and as an example of general degree, \(N\)-bonacci sequences. Finally, using standard arguments from Galois theory, the rationality of the values of a recurrence zeta function at negative integers which are not poles is established.

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