Thermodynamics of information processing in small systems
Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to classical thermodynamics (80-02) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to quantum theory (81-02) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30) Feedback control (93B52) Measures of information, entropy (94A17) Coding theorems (Shannon theory) (94A24)
In ``Thermodynamics of Information Processing in Small Systems, based on the authors PhD-thesis, T. Sagawa reviews latest developments in this active research field.NEWLINENEWLINE The paper starts with a short historical sketch about thermodynamics and then relates to modern developments such as the fluctuation theorem and Jarzynski equality. Readers will find many valuable references here. In the second chapter, Maxwell's demon is reviewed, and the importance of information is explained with the example of a Szilard engine. Afterwards, the arguments by Brillouin, Landauer, and Bennett aiming to resolve the paradox of Maxwell's demon are discussed. One main result of the paper is that neither only the measurement (Brillouin) nor only the erasure (Landauer, Bennett) work are sufficient to resolve the paradox of apparent entropy reduction via feedback control. To support this result, in chapters 3 and 4 mathematical concepts of classical and quantum dynamics, measurement and information are reviewed, respectively. This includes Shannon entropy, Kullback-Leibler divergence, mutual information and some examples for erroneous measurements on the classical side and their quantum generalizations. In the 5th chapter, the second law is proven for a unitarily evolving system that starts from an initial canonical distribution. As the most important contribution, chapter 6 discusses how the second law is modified by the presence of feedback control. For this purpose, the evolution is partitioned into an unconditioned unitary propagation, a measurement, a following unitary propagation that is conditioned on the measurement, and a final unitary propagation which is again unconditioned. For a single sequence of these operations it turns out that the mutual information defined in the previous chapters now enters the second law. Finally, chapter 7 discusses the thermodynamics of memories, and it is argued that the sum of work required for information erasure and measurement has to exceed the excess work related to the mutual information.NEWLINENEWLINE The paper is well-written with a pedagogical style and self-contained. Though it might have profited a bit from a more detailed discussion of physically realistic models, it is well suitable for readers aiming to understand the thermodynamics of feedback control with little background in thermodynamics and quantum theory.
- Second law of thermodynamics with discrete quantum feedback control
- EXORCIST XIV: the wrath of Maxwell's demon. II: From Szilard to Landauer and beyond
- Information erasure without an energy cost
- Thermodynamic cost of reliability and low temperatures: Tightening Landauer's principle and the second law
- Maxwell's demon and the thermodynamics of computation
- Refining Landauer's stack: balancing error and dissipation when erasing information
- Nonequilibrium in thermodynamic formalism: the second law, gases and information geometry
- Fluctuation theorem of information exchange between subsystems that co-evolve in time
- Leveraging environmental correlations: the thermodynamics of requisite variety
- Reverse data-processing theorems and computational second laws
- Conditioning, correlation and entropy generation in Maxwell's demon
- Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics inspired by modern information theory
- Feedback regulation and its efficiency in biochemical networks
- Information erasure without an energy cost
- Thermodynamic limits to information harvesting by sensory systems
- Multipartite information flow for multiple Maxwell demons
- Relations between work and entropy production for general information-driven, finite-state engines
- Dimension of physical systems, information processing, and thermodynamics
- Second-law-like inequalities with information and their interpretations
- Second law of thermodynamics with discrete quantum feedback control
- Open problems on information and feedback controlled systems
- Refined second law of thermodynamics for fast random processes
- Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and information theory: basic concepts and relaxing dynamics
- Work required for selective quantum measurement
- On the approximate controllability of Stackelberg–Nash strategies for linear heat equations in ℝNwith potentials
- Information thermodynamics of financial markets: the Glosten–Milgrom model
- Information-thermodynamics link revisited
- Energy extraction of a chaotic system in a cyclic process: a Szilárd engine perspective
- Work extraction, information-content and the Landauer bound in the continuous Maxwell demon
- Role of mutual information in entropy production under information exchanges
- Quantum nonequilibrium equalities with absolute irreversibility
- Total cost of operating an information engine
- Information geometry and non-equilibrium thermodynamic relations in the over-damped stochastic processes
- Data Processing Theorems and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Optimizing non-ergodic feedback engines
- Quantum Jarzynski-Sagawa-Ueda relations
- Thermodynamical cost of accessing quantum information
- Measurement-feedback formalism meets information reservoirs
- Identifying functional thermodynamics in autonomous Maxwellian ratchets
- Optimal work extraction and the minimum description length principle
- Thermodynamically free quantum measurements
- Thermodynamic model for feedback control of systems with uncertain macroscopic states
- Markovian description of a wide class of feedback-controlled systems: application to the feedback flashing ratchet
- The laws of thermodynamics and information for emergent cosmology
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