Three-dimensional flops and noncommutative rings

DOI10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12231-6MaRDI QIDQ707455zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 9 February 2005

Published in Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0207170

Noncommutative algebraic geometry (14A22) Rational and birational maps (14E05) Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays) (14E30)

Abstract: If Y,Z are three-dimensional smooth varieties related by a flop, then Bondal and Orlov conjectured that the derived categories of coherent sheaves on Y and Z are equivalent. This conjecture was recently proved by Bridgeland. Our aim in this paper is to give a partially new proof of Bridgeland's result using non-commutative rings. The new proof also covers some mild singular and higher dimensional situations (including the one in the recent paper by Chen: ``Flops and Equivalences of derived Categories for Threefolds with only Gorenstein Singularities).

Review text

This paper gives a new proof, based on noncommutative rings, of \textit{T. Bridgeland}'s theorem [Invent. Math. 147, No. 3, 613--632 (2002; Zbl 1085.14017)] that says that two three dimensional smooth varieties \(Y\), \(Y^+\) related by a flopping transformation \(Y\to X\leftarrow Y^+\) have equivalent bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves. There are extensions of this result for normal varieties with isolated smooth singularities, due to \textit{J.-C. Chen} [J. Differ. Geom. 61, No. 2, 227--261 (2002; Zbl 1090.14003)] and for some non-Gorenstein singularities, due to \textit{Y. Kawamata} [in: Algebraic geometry, de Gruyter, Berlin, 197--215 (2002; Zbl 1092.14023)]. The proof in this paper is really nice, and is based in the construction of vector bundles \(\mathcal P\) and \(Y\) and \(\mathcal Q^+\) on \(Y^+\) such that the direct image on \(X\) of the endomorphism sheaves algebras of \(\mathcal P\) and \(\mathcal Q^+\) are isomorphic. If \(\mathcal A\) is this noncommutative algebra, then the author proves that the bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves on \(Y\) and on \(Y^+\) are both equivalent to the bounded derived category of right \(\mathcal A\)-modules, being thus equivalent. The bundles \(\mathcal P\) and \(\mathcal Q^+\) are related to certain categories of perverse sheaves associated with the flop which appear also in the original Bridgeland proof. The author also describes the projective generators of these categories of perverse sheaves. Actually, some more general results are proven, among them, some higher dimensional generalizations (also considered by Chen).

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