Triangle groups as subgroups of unitary groups

DOI10.1006/JABR.2001.8945MaRDI QIDQ5958876zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Maxim Vsemirnov, Vitaliy Mysovskikh, M. Chiara Tamburini

Publication date 25 November 2002

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1006/jabr.2001.8945

zbMATH Keywords

Hermitian formstracestriangle groupsunitary groups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cyclotomic extensions (11R18) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Linear algebraic groups over adèles and other rings and schemes (20G35)

Review text

The triangle groups \(T(2,3,k)=\langle x,y\mid x^2=y^3=(xy)^k=1\rangle\) are shown to be subgroups of a unitary group \(\text{PSU}(2,\mathbb{Z}[\varepsilon])\) defined by a suitable Hermitian form, where the complex root \(\varepsilon\) of 1 has order \(k\) for odd \(k\) and order \(2k\) for even \(k\). Th authors prove the following main result: \(T(2,3,k)\) coincides with \(\text{PSU}(2,\mathbb{Z}[\varepsilon])\) precisely if \(k\in\{2,3,4,5,7,9,11\}\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn the proof, \(\text{SU}(2,\mathbb{Z}[\varepsilon])\) is identified with the norm-1-group of a subring of a quaternion algebra over \(\mathbb{Q}(\varepsilon+\varepsilon^{-1})\). For \(k\leq 5\), the groups are finite, and the proof is achieved by comparing orders. The case \(k=6\) is special, here the Hermitian form is degenerate. For \(k=7,9\), or 11, the proof depends on very precise computations in order to find all squares in \(\mathbb{Z}[\varepsilon+\varepsilon^{-1}]\) with small traces. For the other values of \(k\), the authors show that \(T(2,3,k)\) does not contain a copy of \(\mathbb{Z}^2\), whereas \(\text{SU}(2,\mathbb{Z}[\varepsilon])\) does.

Recommendations

• Simple images of triangle groups
• Parametrization of triangle groups as subgroups of \(\text{PSL}(2,q)\)
• Notes on complex hyperbolic triangle groups
• A circle of modular groups in \(\text{PU}(2,1)\)
• Subgroups of finite index in (2,3,n)-triangle groups.

Cites work

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• On hurwitz groups of low rank
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Cited in

(3)

• On the primitive divisors of the recurrent sequence \(u_{n+1}=(4\cos^2(2\pi/7)-1)u_{n}-u_{n-1}\) with applications to group theory
• Triangle subgroups of hyperbolic tetrahedral groups
• Hurwitz groups and Hurwitz generation.

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

• GAP

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