Triangle subgroups of hyperbolic tetrahedral groups
arithmetic Fuchsian triangle groupsdiscrete subgroupsFuchsian subgroupsgroups generated by reflectionsisometry groupsorientation-preserving subgroupstetrahedral Kleinian groups
Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth (20E07) Fuchsian groups and their generalizations (group-theoretic aspects) (20H10) Other geometric groups, including crystallographic groups (20H15) Reflection groups, reflection geometries (51F15) Hyperbolic and elliptic geometries (general) and generalizations (51M10)
There are nine compact tetrahedra in hyperbolic 3-space whose dihedral angles are submultiples of \(\pi\) so that the group generated by reflections in the faces of the tetrahedron is a discrete subgroup of the isometry group, \(\text{Isom}(\mathbb{H}^3)\). The centralizer of a reflection in one of the faces of the tetrahedron is then a discrete subgroup of the isometry group of the 2-dimensional hyperbolic plane on which that face lies. Thus if we restrict to orientation-preserving subgroups in both the ambient group and the subgroup, these tetrahedral Kleinian groups will contain Fuchsian subgroups. For only one of the tetrahedra and one of the faces of that tetrahedron, the Fuchsian subgroup is a triangle group [\textit{T. Baskan} and \textit{A. M. Macbeath}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 92, 79-91 (1982; Zbl 0487.20034)]. Eight of the tetrahedral groups \(\Gamma\) are arithmetic and in these cases any non-elementary Fuchsian subgroup is also arithmetic. A complete list of arithmetic Fuchsian triangle groups \(G\) is known [\textit{K. Takeuchi}, J. Math. Soc. Japan 29, 91-106 (1977; Zbl 0344.20035)]. Using the arithmetic data from both \(\Gamma\) and \(G\), all pairs \((\Gamma,G)\) where \(G\subset\Gamma\) are determined and there are several such pairs in addition to the one ``visible on a face as described above.
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