Triangle subgroups of Kleinian groups
In earlier work [\textit{F. W. Gehring} and the author, J. Anal. 63, 175-219 (1994; Zbl 0799.30034)], global lower bounds on the distance between axes of elements of finite order in a Kleinian group were obtained. These are utilized here to show that, if a Kleinian group \(\Gamma\) contains distinct triangle subgroups of the form \((2,3,p)\), \((2,3,q)\), then the corresponding invariant planes are an identifiable bounded distance apart. Thus, in particular, whenever \(\Gamma\) contains a \((2,3,p)\)-triangle subgroup stabilizing a plane \(\Pi\), then \(\Pi\) has a precisely invariant tubular neighbourhood and the corresponding 2-orbifold \(\Pi/\text{Stab}(\Gamma,\Pi)\) necessarily embeds in the 3-orbifold \(H^3/\Gamma\). Furthermore, using estimates on the size of this tubular neighbourhood, lower bounds on the volume of such an orbifold \(H^3/\Gamma\) are obtained in terms of \(p\). Examples which arose in connection with certain extremal problems for Kleinian groups and gave rise to this investigation, show that these estimates are quite good. A wealth of similar results relating to Kleinian groups containing triangle groups is given.
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