Two remarks on ordering in absolute planes
There are two main results in this short note. The first one regards Euclidean planes. These are structures endowed with point-line incidence and segment congruence only. Axiomatizations for them can be found in [\textit{R. Schnabel}, Euklidische Geometrie. Kiel: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (Habil.) (1981)] (a particularly simple axiomatization; see also [\textit{R. Schnabel} and the reviewer, Expo. Math. 3, 285--288 (1985; Zbl 0566.51018)] for a published version of that axiom system), [\textit{E. M. Schröder}, J. Geom. 16, 56--62 (1981; Zbl 0461.51008); \textit{K. Sörensen}, J. Geom. 22, 15--30 (1984; Zbl 0537.51019); \textit{M. Grochowska}, Demonstr. Math. 17, 593--607 (1984; Zbl 0589.51002); the reviewer, Math. Log. Q. 40, No. 1, 76--86 (1994; Zbl 0799.03072)]. A particulary simple proof of the representation theorem for these structures can be found in [\textit{H. Karzel} and \textit{G. Kist}, Abh. Math. Semin. Univ. Hamb. 49, 234--236 (1979; Zbl 0422.51007)]. Any Euclidean plane is isomorphic to the structure \(\langle K, \equiv\rangle\), where \(K\) is a field of characteristic \(\neq 2\), endowed with an involutory automorphism \(\sigma\), and where \(xy\equiv uv\) if and only if \((x-y)\cdot \sigma(x-y)=(u-v)\cdot\sigma(u-v)\). In Euclidean planes, one can introduce an order by stating that a point belongs to the interior of a circle \({\mathcal C}\) if there is no tangent from that point to \({\mathcal C}\). To get from Euclidean planes to the usual Euclidean geometry of ruler and compass constructions, one needs to add an axiom stating that any line that passes through an interior point of a circle intersects that circle. This amounts to asking that the field left pointwise fixed by the automorphism \(\sigma\) is Euclidean (i.e., that every positive element has a square root). What the authors prove is that it suffices to ask that any line that passes through an interior point of one (fixed) circle intersects that circle. The second result corrects a model presented in [the reviewer and \textit{C. Schacht}, Beitr. Algebra Geom. 60, No. 4, 733--748 (2019; Zbl 1429.51004)]. There it was stated that there are Hilbert planes of Type 3(ii), which satisfy \({\mathbf L}(\exists)\), a weakening of Bachmann's Lotschnittaxiom. The field in that model satisfied two conditions required for being the coordinate field of a Hilbert plane of Type 3(ii), but not a third one. Here, the authors show how that construction of the field can be modified to satisfy the third condition as well. The conclusions drawn in the paper mentioned above thus remain valid.
- Die Modelle des Hilbertschen Axiomensystems der absoluten Geometrie
- Ebenen mit Kongruenz
- Grundlagen der affinen und euklidischen Geometrie
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3255376 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3393284 (Why is no real title available?)
- Lippmann's axiom and Lebesgue's axiom are equivalent to the Lotschnittaxiom
- Zur Begründung metrischer affiner Ebenen
- A remark about absolute planes
- Absolute isotropic geometry
- Some geometric characterizations of Pythagorean and Euclidean fields
- The ubiquitous axiom
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3844518 (Why is no real title available?)
- Ordered absolute geometry
- The parallel postulate
- Simple forms of Aristotle's axiom and of the \textit{Lotschnittaxiom}
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