Two results on character codegrees

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Let \(G\) be a finite group, \(\mathrm{Irr}(G)\) the set of irreducible complex characters of \(G\). For \(\chi \in \mathrm{Irr}(G)\), let \(\mathrm{cod}(\chi)=|G: \ker \chi|/\chi(1)\) be the codegree of \(\chi\).\N\NThe (element order) prime graph (Gruenberg-Kegel graph) of \(G\) is the graph whose vertices are the prime numbers dividing the order of the group, with two vertices being linked by an edge if and only if their product divides the order of some element of the group. In an analogous manner, the codegree graph of \(G\) is defined.\N\NThe paper under review is dedicated to the relationships between these two graphs in the case where \(G\) is solvable. The first result is the following.\N\NProposition 2.4: Let \(G\) be a solvable group such that every minimal normal subgroup is a Sylow subgroup and \(|G/F(G)|\) is square-free. For any prime pairs \((p,q)\), if \(pq \, \big |\, \mathrm{cod}(\chi)\) for some \(\chi \in \mathrm{Irr}(G)\), then there exists an element \(g \in G\) such that \(pq\) divides the order of \(g\).\N\NInspired by the results by \textit{A. Gruber} et al. [J. Algebra 442, 397--422 (2015; Zbl 1331.20029)] on Gruenberg-Kegel graph, the authors obtain the following result:\N\NProposition 2.5: An unlabeled graph \(F\) is isomorphic to the codegree prime graph of some solvable group if and only if its complement \(\overline{F}\) is \(3\)-colorable and triangle-free.\N\NIn particular, a graph is a codegree graph of a solvable group if and only if it is a Gruenberg-Kegel graph of some solvable group.











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