Ultra smooth continua are smooth

DOI10.1007/BF02844332MaRDI QIDQ1809695zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 23 January 2001

Published in Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02844332

continuum hereditarily unicoherent irreducible weak cutpoint order

Linearly ordered topological spaces, generalized ordered spaces, and partially ordered spaces (54F05) Continua and generalizations (54F15) Unicoherence, multicoherence (54F55)

Review text

A continuum \(X\) is said to be smooth at a point \(p \in X\) if it is hereditarily unicoherent at \(p\) and for each \(x \in X\) and each sequence \(\{x_n\}\) converging to \(x\) the sequence of irreducible continua \(\{I(p,x_n)\}\) converges to the irreducible continuum \(I(p,x).\) \(X\) is said to be smooth if it is smooth at some point. A continuum \(X\) is said to be ultra smooth at a point \(p \in X\) if it is hereditarily unicoherent at \(P\) and for every pair of points \(x\) and \(y\) of \(X\) there exists a retraction of \(X\) onto the subcontinuum \(Y = I(p,x) \cup I(P,y)\) preserving the weak cutpoint order. The author shows that if a continuum \(X\) is ultra smooth at a point \(p\) then it is smooth at \(p.\) It is known by an example of \textit{Lewis Lum} [Stud. Topol., Proc. Conf. Charlotte, N.C., 1974, 331-338 (1975; Zbl 0306.54050)] that the converse is false even for dendroids. The author also characterizes ultra smooth continua which are formed as the union of a null sequence of irreducible continua.

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