Uniformization Stable Markov Models and Their Jordan Algebraic Structure

DOI10.1137/22M1474527MaRDI QIDQ6183453zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jeremy G. Sumner

Publication date 4 January 2024

Published in SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.03558

zbMATH Keywords

Jordan algebraMarkov chainphylogeneticsrepresentation theorytime reversibility

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of Jordan algebras to physics, etc. (17C90) Markov chains (discrete-time Markov processes on discrete state spaces) (60J10)

Abstract: We provide a characterisation of the continuous-time Markov models where the Markov matrices from the model can be parameterised directly in terms of the associated rate matrices (generators). That is, each Markov matrix can be expressed as the sum of the identity matrix and a rate matrix from the model. We show that the existence of an underlying Jordan algebra provides a sufficient condition, which becomes necessary for (so-called) linear models. We connect this property to the well-known uniformization procedure for continuous-time Markov chains by demonstrating that the property is equivalent to all Markov matrices from the model taking the same form as the corresponding discrete time Markov matrices in the uniformized process. We apply our results to analyse two model hierarchies practically important to phylogenetic inference, obtained by assuming (i) time-reversibility and (ii) permutation symmetry, respectively.

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Cited in

(2)

• Embedding of Markov matrices for d 4
• On the algebra of equal-input matrices in time-inhomogeneous Markov flows

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