Uniqueness theorems for Cauchy integrals

DOI10.5565/PUBLMAT_52208_03MaRDI QIDQ946816zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors M. S. Mel'nikov, Alexei Poltoratski, Alexander Volberg

Publication date 25 September 2008

Published in Publicacions Matemàtiques (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0704.0621, https://eudml.org/doc/42066

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Integration, integrals of Cauchy type, integral representations of analytic functions in the complex plane (30E20) Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, extremal length and related notions in two dimensions (31A15) Singular and oscillatory integrals (Calderón-Zygmund, etc.) (42B20)

Abstract: If $mu$ is a finite complex measure in the complex plane $C$ we denote by $C^{m}u$ its Cauchy integral defined in the sense of principal value. The measure $mu$ is called reflectionless if it is continuous (has no atoms) and $C^{m}u=0$ at $mu$-almost every point. We show that if $mu$ is reflectionless and its Cauchy maximal function $C^m{u}_{\ast }$ is summable with respect to $|mu|$ then $mu$ is trivial. An example of a reflectionless measure whose maximal function belongs to the "weak" $L^1$ is also constructed, proving that the above result is sharp in its scale. We also give a partial geometric description of the set of reflectionless measures on the line and discuss connections of our results with the notion of sets of finite perimeter in the sense of De Giorgi.

Review text

Let \(\mu\) be a finite complex measure in \(\mathbb{C}\), \(\varepsilon> 0\), and \[ C^\mu_\varepsilon(z)=\int_{|\delta- z|>\varepsilon}\frac{d\mu(\delta)}{\delta-z} \] for \(z\) in \(\mathbb{C}\). The Cauchy integral of \(\mu\) is defined by \(C^\mu(z)= \lim_{\varepsilon\to 0}C^\mu_\varepsilon(z)\) when the limit exists. In contrast to expectations arising from the work of \textit{X. Tolsa} and \textit{J. Verdera} [Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Math. 31, No. 2, 479--494 (2006; Zbl 1099.30026)], the authors show that there exists a large set of nontrivial continuous measures \(\mu\) satisfying \(C^\mu(z)= 0\), \(\mu\)-a.e. (such measures are called reflectionless). Also a uniqueness theorem is proved, which states that, if \(\mu\) is a continuous function for which \(C^\mu(z)\) exists and vanishes \(\mu\)-a.e., then \(\mu\equiv 0\) when \(C^\mu_*(z)\) is in \(L^1(z)\), where \[ C^\mu_*(z)= \sup_{\varepsilon> 0}|C^\mu_\varepsilon(z)|. \] Further, the latter theorem is shown to be sharp in some sense. Later sections of the paper study the asymptotic behavior of the Cauchy transform near its zero set and provide some geometric description of the set of reflectionless measures. This well-written paper is rich in interesting results, provides carefully stated connections with known results, and clearly notes some open problems.

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Cited in

(10)

• Right limits and reflectionless measures for CMV matrices
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