Unstable Stokes waves
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Abstract: We prove that a periodic Stokes wave of sufficiently small amplitude, traveling in water of unit depth, under gravity, is spectrally unstable away from the origin of the complex plane unless . Numerical investigations predict instability whenever the unperturbed wave is resonant with its infinitesimal perturbations. This has not been studied analytically except the Benjamin--Feir instability, in the vicinity of the origin, when . We develop a periodic Evans function approach for cylindrical domains, to give an alternative proof of the Benjamin--Feir instability and, also, the first proof of spectral instability away from the origin, whereby we elucidate the numerical findings. Importantly, we prove that all Stokes waves are spectrally unstable. The proofs involve center manifold reduction, Floquet theory, and methods of ordinary and partial differential equations.
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(32)- Stokes waves
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