Varieties generated by countably compact Abelian groups

Structure of general topological groups (22A05) General properties and structure of LCA groups (22B05) Consistency and independence results in general topology (54A35) Categorical methods in general topology (54B30) ``(P)-minimal and ``(P)-closed spaces (54D25) Compactness (54D30) Topological groups (topological aspects) (54H11) Topological fields, rings, etc. (topological aspects) (54H13)

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The authors study the following operations in the category \({\mathcal TA}\) of Abelian Hausdorff topological groups: \(Q\) (forming quotients), \(\overline S\) (taking closed subgroups), \(C\) (forming Cartesian products), \(H\) (forming continuous homomorphic images), and \(I\) (forming continuous isomorphic images). For any subclass \({\mathcal U}\subseteq{\mathcal TA}\) and any \(X\in\{Q,\overline S,C,H,I\}\), the smallest subclass containing \(\mathcal U\) and closed under \(X\) is denoted by \(X(\mathcal U)\). These generalizations of the notion of variety have been introduced by \textit{S. A. Morris} [Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 1, 145-160 (1969; Zbl 0172.31404) and Colloq. Math. 46, 147-165 (1982; Zbl 0501.22002)]. Special classes considered in the paper under review are \({\mathcal CCA}\) (countably compact Abelian groups), \({\mathcal PA}\) (precompact Abelian groups), and \({\mathcal SCPA}\) (sequentially complete precompact Abelian groups). Known examples show that \({\mathcal CCA}\) is properly contained in \(C({\mathcal CCA})\) [\textit{E. K. van Douwen}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 262, 417-427 (1980; Zbl 0453.54006); \textit{K. P. Hart} and \textit{J. van Mill}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 323, 811-821 (1991; Zbl 0770.54037)]. One knows the inclusions \(\overline SC({\mathcal CCA})\subseteq {\mathcal SCPA} \subseteq I({\mathcal SCPA})\). In the paper under review (Theorem B), the authors show \(I({\mathcal SCPA})=Q({\mathcal SCPA})={\mathcal PA}\). This yields \(I\overline SC({\mathcal CCA}) \subseteq {\mathcal PA}\); it is conjectured that equality holds in this case. As a step towards the proof of this conjecture, the authors prove (Theorem A) that those elements of \({\mathcal PA}\) with cardinality at most \(2^{\aleph_0}\) belong to \(I\overline SC({\mathcal CCA})\). Both proofs use Martin's axiom. As open problems, the authors ask which of the following inclusions are equalities: \(I\overline SC({\mathcal CCA}) \subseteq {\mathcal PA}\); \(Q\overline SC({\mathcal CCA}) \subseteq {\mathcal PA}\); \(H\overline SC({\mathcal CCA}) \subseteq {\mathcal PA}\); \(\overline SC({\mathcal CCA}) \subseteq {\mathcal SCPA}\). Does every element of cardinality at most \(2^{\aleph_0}\) in \({\mathcal SCPA}\) belong to \(\overline SC({\mathcal CCA})\) ?

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