Varieties of half lattice-ordered groups of monotonic permutations of chains.

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Half \(\ell \)-groups were introduced and studied by \textit{M.\,Giraudet} and \textit{F.\,Lucas} [Fundam. Math. 139, 75--89 (1991; Zbl 0766.06014)]. The class of half \(\ell \)-groups does not form a variety of algebras. In this paper \(m\)-groups are studied, i.e.\ \(\ell \)-groups endowed with a decreasing group automorphism of order 2. In the mentioned paper of Giraudet and Lucas a close relation between the class of \(m\)-groups and the class of half \(\ell \)-groups is stated. The authors define the product of varieties \(U\) and \(V\) of \(m\)-groups: \((G,\varphi ) \in UV\) iff there is an \(m\)-ideal \(M\) of \((G,\varphi )\) such that \(M\in U\) and \(G/M\in V\). They prove that this product distributes over finite joins and arbitrary meets from right (and pose the problem whether the same holds from left and for infinite joins). Many other results on \(m\)-groups are proved; examples: the lattice of varieties of \(m\)-groups is not Brouwerian; if \(V\) is a variety of \(m\)-groups, then there exist the largest \(\ell \)-variety contained in \(V\) and the smallest \(\ell \)-variety containing \(V\). Some special varieties of \(m\)-groups are found, e.g.\ the smallest proper variety of \(m\)-groups and its cover. Also, torsion classes of \(m\)-groups are studied. At the end, the free \(m\)-group with a given generating set is described.











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