Virtual knot groups

MaRDI QIDQ2725562zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Daniel S. Silver, Susan G. Williams

Publication date 6 September 2001

zbMATH Keywords

continuous colouringWirtinger presentation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Fundamental groups and their automorphisms (group-theoretic aspects) (20F34)

Review text

Virtual knots can be defined combinatorially by diagrams with two kinds of crossings, up to an extended set of Reidemeister moves. In this paper the authors define the group of a virtual knot, using an analogue of Wirtinger's presentation and remark that such presentation need not have deficiency 1, unlike the classical case. They give necessary and sufficient conditions for a group \(G\) to be virtual knot group, both in combinatorial terms, and as the fundamental group of the complement of a ribbon torus in \(\mathbb{R}^4\). They observe that virtual knot groups need not be residually finite. They go on to extend colourings of a diagram by a continuous palette of colours, which they had studied in previous papers, to the virtual case. They are then able to identify simple moves on a virtual diagram which leave some of these colourings unaltered, while potentially altering the virtual knot. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0959.00034].

Recommendations

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Cited in

(15)

• Milnor's concordance invariants for knots on surfaces
• Twin groups of virtual 2-bridge knots and almost classical knots
• On the unknotting number of a welded knot
• Some Baumslag–Solitar groups are two-bridge virtual knot groups
• On the welded Tube map
• Virtual parity Alexander polynomial
• On distinguishing virtual knot groups from knot groups
• Virtual knot groups and combinatorial knots
• VIRTUAL KNOT GROUPS AND THEIR PERIPHERAL STRUCTURE
• Introduction to virtual surface-knot theory
• On the lower central series of some virtual knot groups
• GROUPS OF TWO-BRAID VIRTUAL KNOTS
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2216029 (Why is no real title available?)
• Core groups
• Twisted link theory

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