Weak formulation of free-surface wave equations

DOI10.1155/S1173912601000074MaRDI QIDQ5953534zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors A. D. Sneyd

Publication date 4 November 2002

Published in Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://eudml.org/doc/122120

zbMATH Keywords

aluminium reduction cellseigenfunction expansioneigenvalue problemevolution equationsFaraday experimentgeneration of surface wavesinner productlinearized equation of motionmetal-pad instabilitynormal irrotational wave modesunsteady magnetic fieldwater wave dispersion relationsweak formulation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Water waves, gravity waves; dispersion and scattering, nonlinear interaction (76B15) Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics (76W05)

Review text

Summary: An alternative method for deriving water wave dispersion relations and evolution equations is to use a weak formulation. The free-surface displacement \(\eta\) is written as an eigenfunction expansion, \(\eta= \sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n(t) E_n\) where the \(a_n(t)\) are time-dependent coefficients. For a tank with vertical sides the \(E_n\) are eigenfunctions of the eigenvalue problem, \(\nabla^2 E+ \lambda^2E= 0\), \(\nabla E\cdot\widehat{{\mathbf n}}= 0\) on the tank side walls. Evolution equations for the \(a_n(t)\) can be obtained by taking inner product of the linearized equation of motion, \(\rho{\partial{\mathbf v}\over\partial t}= -{1\over\rho} \nabla P+{\mathbf F}\) with the normal irrotational wave modes. For unforced waves each evolution equation is a simple harmonic oscillator, but the method is most useful when the body force \({\mathbf F}\) is something more exotic than gravity. It can always be represented by a forcing term in the SHM evolution equation, and it is not necessary to assume \({\mathbf F}\) irrotational. Several applications are considered: the Faraday experiment, generation of surface waves by an unsteady magnetic field, and the metal-pad instability in aluminium reduction cells.

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