Weighted energy problem on the unit circle

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Abstract: We solve the weighted energy problem on the unit circle, by finding the extremal measure and describing its support. Applications to polynomial and exponential weights are also included.


Consider the weighted equilibrium problem on the unit circle \(T\) [\textit{E. B. Saff} and \textit{V. Totik}, Logarithmic Potentials with External Fields, Berlin: Springer (1997; Zbl 0881.31001)]. Let \(w\) be a continuous, positive function on \(T\). The weighted energy of a unit Borel measure \(\mu\) on \(T\) is \[ I_w(\mu):=\int_T\int_T \log\frac{1}{| z-\zeta| w(z) w(\zeta)}\,d\mu(z)\,d\mu(\zeta). \] There exists a unique measure \(\mu_w\) (the equilibrium measure) which minimizes the energy. Let \(S_w\) be the support of \(\mu_w\). The author proves that if \(w\in C^{1+\varepsilon}(U)\), where \(U\) is an open neighborhood of \(S_w\), then \(d\mu_w(e^{i\theta})=f(\theta)\,d\theta\), where \(f\) is bounded and satisfies a certain integral equation. He also studies the case where \(S_w\) is a finite union of arcs on \(T\). He applies the above results to two special cases: when \(w\) is a weight of polynomial type and when \(w\) is an exponential weight.











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