ZEROS OF EISENSTEIN SERIES

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Let \(E_k\) be the normalized Eisenstein series of weight \(k\) with respect to the modular group \(\Gamma= \text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\). It was shown by \textit{F. K. C. Rankin} and \textit{H. P. F. Swinnerton-Dyer} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 2, 169--170 (1970; Zbl 0203.35504)] that all the zeros of \(E_k\) in the standard fundamental domain \({\mathcal F}\) of \(\Gamma\) in the upper half plane are on the unit circle. More precisely, if \(k= 12N+ s\) with \(N\in\mathbb{N}_0\), \(s\in \{0,4,6,8,10,14\}\), and if \(m\in\mathbb{N}\) satisfies \({k\over 4}\leq m\leq{k\over 3}- 1\), then \(E_k(e^{2\pi i\theta})\) has a unique zero of order \(1\) for \(\theta\) in the open interval \({m\over k}<\theta< {m+1\over k}\), and in this way one obtains all the zeros of \(E_k\) in \({\mathcal F}\setminus\{i, e^{2\pi i/3}\}\). The author uses Jensen's formula to prove an explicit formula for the zeros \(e^{2\pi i\theta}\) of \(E_k\). In this formula, \(\sin(2\pi\theta)\) is expressed as an infinite series involving the Fourier coefficients of \(E_k\), i.e., the Bernoulli number \(B_k\) and values of the divisor function \(\sigma_{k-1}\).




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