Exponential stability of nonautonomous linear differential equations with linear perturbations by Liao methods (Q2496738): Difference between revisions

The paper studies, by Liao methods, the stability (under small linear perturbations) of Lyapunov exponents of nonautonomous systems of linear differential equations \[ \dot x=A(t)x, \quad (t,x)\in\mathbb R_{+}\times\mathbb R^n, \tag{A} \] where \(A(t)\) is an upper-triangular continuous and on \(\mathbb R_{+}\) uniformly bounded real \(n\times n\)-matrix. It is proved that if there exists a relatively dense sequence \(\{T_i\}_0^{\infty}\) in \(\mathbb R_{+}\), \(0=T_0<T_1<\cdots <T_i<\cdots\), such that \[ \chi_{*}^{+}(A)=\limsup_{i\to +\infty}\frac{1}{T_i} \sum_{i'=0}^{i-1}\max_{1\leq k\leq n} \left\{\int_{T_{i'}}^{T_{i'+1}}A^{k}(t)dt\right\}<0 \] then, to any \(\varepsilon >0\), there corresponds \(\delta >0\) such that for every linear system \[ \dot z=B(t)z, \quad (t,z)\in\mathbb R_{+}\times\mathbb R^n, \tag{B} \] where \(B(t)\) is a real \(n\times n\)-matrix continuous on \(\mathbb R_{+}\) satisfying \[ \sup_{t\in\mathbb R^{+}}| | B(t)-A(t)| | <\delta , \] one has \[ \limsup_{t\to +\infty}\frac{1}{t}\log | | z(t,z_0)| | <\chi_{*}^{+}(A)+\varepsilon , \quad \forall z_0\in\mathbb R^n, \] where \(z(t,z_0)\) stands for the solution of equation (B) with \(z(0,z_0)=z_0\). For the nonuniformly expanding case, a similar statement is proved.