On Ruijsenaars' asymptotic expansion of the logarithm of the double gamma function (Q2480343): Difference between revisions

The double gamma function was introduced by \textit{E.W. Barnes} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 31, 358--381 (1899; JFM 30.0389.03) and Lond. Phil. Trans. 196 A, 265--387 (1901; JFM 32.0442.02)] using the double zeta function \[ \zeta_2(x,s\mid a_1,a_2)=\sum_{m,n=0}^{\infty}\,{1\over (x+ma_1+na_2)^s},\;\text{Re}\,x>0,\,\text{Re}\,s>2, a_1,a_2>0 \] by \[ \log{\Gamma_2(x\mid a_1,a_2)}={\partial \over \partial s}\,\left.\zeta_2(x,s\mid a_1,a_2)\right| _{s=0}-C, \] where \[ C:=\lim_{x\rightarrow 0}\,\left[ \left.\zeta_2(x,s\mid a_1,a_2)\right| _{s=0} +\log{x} \right]. \] \textit{S. N. M. Ruijsenaars} [Adv. Math. 156, 107--132 (2000; Zbl 0966.33013)] proved for \(\Gamma_2(x)=\Gamma_2(x\mid 1,1)\) \[ \log{\Gamma_2(x)}=-C-\left({x^2\over 2}-x+{5\over 12}\right)\,\log{x}+{3\over 4}x^2-x+ \sum_{k=3}^N\,(-1)^k\,{B_k^{(2)}\over (k-2)(k-1)}\,{1\over x^{k-2}}+R_N(x), \] with \[ R_N(x)=\int_0^{\infty}\,{e^{-xt}\over t^3}\left({t^2\over (1-e^{-t})^2}-\sum_{k=0}^N\,{(-1)^k\over k!} B_k^{(2)} t^k\right)dt,\;N\geq 2,\text{Re}\,x>0, \] where \(B_k^{(2)}=B_k^{(2)}(0)\) and \(B_k^{(2)}(x)\) are the double Bernoulli polynomials defined by \[ \left({t\over e^t-1}\right)^2\,e^{xt}=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\,B_k^{(2)}(x)\,{t^k\over k!},\;| t| < 2\pi. \] The authors main results are: Theorem A. For any number \(N\), the function \((-1)^{N/2 -1}R_N(x)\) is completely monotonic on \((0,\infty)\) [this settles a conjecture by \textit{H. L. Pedersen}, Mediterr. J. Math. 2, 171--178 (2005; Zbl 1129.33001)]. Theorem B. For \(n\geq 1,\,x>0\) we have \[ \left| R_{2n}(x)\right| <{| B_{2n+1}^{(2)}| \over (2n-1)2n(2n+1)}\,{1\over x^{2n-1}} + {| B_{2n+2}^{(2)}| \over 2n(2n+1)(2n+2)}\,{1\over x^{2n}}. \] The paper concludes with several remarks and two conjectures.